Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OMM > OMM Week 1 Lecture > Flashcards

OMM Week 1 Lecture Flashcards

History, Philosophy, Intro into Motion

1
Q

Sad fact about AT Still

A

He lost three of his children (11,9,7) to meningitis and his 13 month old to pneumonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Who is AT Still?

A

MD, DO (1828-1917), an American MD physician who started osteopathy. He earned his MD degree mostly through apprenticeship from his father.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

AT Still served in which war?

A

Civil war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did AT Still see the devastating effects of medicine at the time?

A

On soldiers from the war and how the modern medicine at that time failed to cure his children from disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Effective vs. ineffective treatments in the 1870s

A

Effective: anesthetics like chloroform and pain medicine like morphine. Also included some ineffective treatments like purging, bloodletting and skin blistering.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

AT Still wanted a better way to diagnose and treat patients, and came up with osteopathy using?

A

Human anatomy as a guide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

AT Still rope swing story

A

In Still’s autobiography, he describes a story when he was around 10 years old where he made a rope swing between 2 trees, but since he had a headache that day decided to lower the ropes and rest his head on the seat. He fell asleep and woke up to find his headache was gone. He continued to make a rope swing and lay his head on it when he got a headache. The rope swing story illustrates how Still was keenly aware even at a young age that structure and function are related.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

1874

A

Flung to the breeze the Banner of Osteopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1892

A

American School of Osteopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1901

A

AOA begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1910

A

Flexner Report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

1930

A

All DO schools have standardized pharmacology courses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1961

A

California Medical and Osteopathic Associations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1969

A

Educational Council Osteopathic Principles (ECOP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1973

A

All 50 states accept DO degree to practice medicine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1996

A

AZCOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2005

A

Louisiana last state to accept COMLEX for licensing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2020

A

AOA and ACGME unified residency match

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

During WW2, D.O.s were not

A

commissioned to serve as doctors in the military, and therefore had to stay home. D.O.’s gained some popularity during this time because the M.D.s were gone serving in the war!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

“Osteopathy” meaning

A

Osteo-bone
Pathos-suffer

Using bone to diagnose pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Health using the osteopathic philosophy

A

-Natural state of harmony, all processes are working and balanced, and free of disease.
-“Homeostasis” of all bodily functions
-Human body is a perfect machine created for health and activity
-Healthy state exists as long as there is normal flow of body fluids and nerve activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Disease using the osteopathic philosophy

A

-Effect from underlying multifactorial causes
-Anatomical disturbances (congenital heart defect), lack of nutritious food, lack of sanitation, lack of exercise, exposure to toxins (environmental or substances like alcohol), SES factors can all contribute to disease state
-Illness caused by mechanical impediments to normal flow of body fluids and nerve activity
-Environmental, social, mental and behavioral factors contribute to the etiology of disease and illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Patient care osteopathic philosphy

A

-Human body provides all chemicals necessary for the needs of its tissues and organs
-Removal of mechanical impediments allows for optimal body fluid flow, nerve function and restoration of health
-Environmental, cultural, social , mental and behavioral factors need to be address as a part of any management plan
-Any management plan should meet the needs of the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Health

A

Adaptive and optimal attainment of physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being. It is based on our natural capacity to meet, with adequate reserves, the usual stresses of daily life and the occasional severe stresses imposed by extremes of our environment and activity.

It includes our ability to resist and combat noxious influences in our environment and to compensate for their effects. One’s health at any given time depends on many factors including his or her polygenetic inheritance, environmental influences, and adaptive response to stressors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Four Tenets of Osteopathy

A
  1. The body is a unit consisting of body, mind, and spirit
  2. The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms
  3. Structure and function are reciprocally inter-related
  4. Rational therapy is based upon the above principles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Goals of Modern Osteopathic Medicine: focused on…

A

comprehensive and holistic approach to patient care focused on health restoration and Disease Prevention, which includes many domains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Domains

A
  1. Physical, mental, and spiritual components
  2. Personal safety
  3. Sufficient rest and relaxation
  4. Proper nutrition
  5. Regular aerobic, stretching, and strengthening exercises
  6. Maintaining rewarding social relationships
  7. Avoidance of tobacco and other abused substances
  8. Eliminating or modifying abusive personal, interpersonal, family, and work-related behavior patterns
  9. Avoidance of environmental radiation and toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The Five Models of Osteopathic Medicine

A
  1. Bio-mechanical Model
  2. Respiratory-Circulatory Model
  3. Metabolic Model
  4. Neurological Model
  5. Behavioral Model
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Biomechanical

A

-Anatomy, embryology
-Fascial systems of the body
-Biomechanics

29
Q

Respiratory-Circulatory

A

-Tissue respiration and circulation
-Anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system
-Anatomy, mechanics and physiology of pulmonary respiration

30
Q

Metabolic

A

-Role of inflammation in healing and homeostasis
-Symbiosis: ecology of the human microbiome
-Energy balance: nutrition, exercise, and the metabolic model

31
Q

Neurological

A

-Autonomic nervous sytem
-Nociception and pain
-Viscerosomatics/somatovisceral reflexes

32
Q

Behavioral Model

A

-Life stages
-Mind-body medicine
-Stress management
-Spirituality and healthcare
-Lifestyle medicine
-Environmental issues

33
Q

ECOP

A

Educational Council of Osteopathic Principles

34
Q

ECOP does what?

A
  1. Discusses and recommends standard curricula among all osteopathic medical schools
  2. Includes recommendations regarding standard techniques
  3. This material is relevant for your board exams
35
Q

OMT and glossaryd efinition

A

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment. From glossary of osteopathic terminology: “Therapeutic application of manually guided forces by an osteopathic physician to improve physiologic function and or support homeostasis that has been altered by somatic dysfunction.”

36
Q

OMT is

A

-Manual treatment to the patient to improve their anatomical structure or physiological function
-Treats structural, anatomic, visceral components of the body

37
Q

What is fascia?

A

Connective tissue that covers all of the structures in the body and helps provide a support structure and framework for the body and includes four types

38
Q

Four types of fascia

A
  1. Superficial (under the skin)
  2. Deep investing (around your carotid artery/muscle)
  3. Meningeal (in your brain)
  4. Visceral (around your organs)
39
Q

A good example of how treating fascia can affect multiple organs is in the mesentery.

A

When treating the abdomen with OMT, you are affecting the mesentery which includes
multiple arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics all in a piece of connective tissue.
Removing structural impediment will allow for improve digestion, elimination, and immune function.

40
Q

Somatic Dysfunction Definition

A

Impaired function of the body framework: skeletal, arthrodial, myofascial, vascular, lymphatic, and neural components.”

41
Q

Somatic dysfunction is characterized by

A

TART
1. Tissue texture change
2. Asymmetry
3. Range of motion
4. Tenderness

Presence of 1/4 necessary to diagnose somatic dysfunction

42
Q

Assessing tissue texture change

A

Acute tissue texture changes = impaired function in early stages characterized by redness, pain, warmth, moisture, bogginess, vasodilation, edema, tenderness, tissue contraction

43
Q

Chronic tissue change

A

Impaired function of long standing duration characterized by itching, paresthesia, dryness, coolness, tissue contracture, fibrosis, tenderness, palor

44
Q

Assess asymmetry

A
  1. Are these structures aligned?
  2. If bilateral structure, are they equal?
45
Q

Assess restriction of motion

A

-Determine direction of freer movement vs. direction of motion restriction
-Active and passive ROM

46
Q

Active range of motion

A

patient moves their body

47
Q

Passive range of motion

A

physician moves patient’s body

48
Q

Two other ways to find somatic dysfunction/TART findings

A
  1. Gait analysis
  2. Tenderness of the structure
49
Q

Motion barrier

A

Limit of motion

50
Q

Anatomic barrier

A

limit of motion from anatomy (limit of passive motion, ex: physician moving patient’s body for them)

51
Q

Pathologic barrier

A

restriction of motion due to pathology (disease: osteophytes limiting motion)

52
Q

Physiologic barrier

A

Limit of active motion (patient moving body)

53
Q

Restrictive barrier

A

functional limit that abnormally reduces normal physiologic range

54
Q

OMT Modalities (4)

A
  1. Active Method
  2. Passive Method
  3. Direct Technique
  4. Indirect Technique
55
Q

Active Method

A

patient performs voluntary physician directed motion

56
Q

Passive Method

A

patient does not engage voluntary muscle contraction

57
Q

Direct technique

A

restrictive barrier is engaged and a force is applied to correct somatic dysfunction

58
Q

Indirect technique

A

restrictive barrier is disengaged and the dysfunctional body part moved away from barrier

59
Q

Soft Tissue Technique: direct or indirect? Patient is?

A

-Direct
-Patient Passive

60
Q

Soft tissue: Separates…? Monitor?

A

Separates muscle origin and insertion. Monitor tissue response

61
Q

Soft tissue direct technique uses

A

-Lateral stretching
-Linear stretching
-Deep pressure
-Traction

62
Q

Myofascial release (MFR): direct or indirect? Patient is? First described by?

A

-Direct OR indirect
-Patient passive
-First described by AT Still

63
Q

In MFR, tissues are?

A

Loaded, then taken to or away from the barrier.

64
Q

MFR uses

A

Continuous palpatory feedback to treat somatic dysfunction, fascia, musculature

65
Q

Muscle Energy (ME) is direct or indirect? Patient is?

A

Direct, patient is ACTIVE

66
Q

ME uses multiple types of?

A

Muscle energy, ex: post isometric, reciprocal inhibition

67
Q

ME Basic treatment steps (4)

A
  1. Patient is positioned by physician at the feather edge of the restrictive barrier
  2. Physician directs the patient to contract muscle for 3-5 seconds while physician provides counterforce
  3. Patient instructed to relax, 1-2 seconds, new feather edge engaged
  4. Repeated for 3-5 cycles
68
Q

Counterstrain is indirect or direct? Patient is? Who created this?

A

Indirect, patient passive, Lawrence Jones, D.O.

69
Q

Counterstrain basic treatment steps

A
  1. Diagnosis by myofascial tenderpoints
  2. Treatment by using a position of spontaneous tissue release while simultaneously monitoring the tenderpoint
  3. Treatment position held for 90 seconds while patient remains passive
70
Q

High velocity low amplitude (HVLA): direct, patient is? How does it work?

A

-Direct
-Patient passive
-Thrust technique engaging one or more planes of motion and then brief application of force over short distance applied

71
Q

Other types of treatments

A
  1. Balanced ligamentous tension (BLT)
  2. Still Technique
  3. Cranial
  4. Articulatory

OMM (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions