OMM for Pediatrics Flashcards
What are the 3 osteopathic tenants?
- Body is a unit: body + mind + spirit
- Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
- Body is capable of self healing
What treatment modality is rarely used especially in younger children? Why?
HVLA
– hypermobile joints
With infants, their bones/joints are at maximum flexibility and are cartilaginous. What foramen is commonly compressed?
Jugular Foramen
What cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen?
9, 10, 11
What 2 sinuses exit the jugular foramen?
Inferior petrosal
Sigmoid
What 2 muscles are innervated by CN 11 and thus can be dysfunctional if the jugular foramen is compressed?
SCM
Trapezius
Where does CN 12 exit?
Hypoglossal canal
List some possible signs of jugular foramen compression
- Poor suck
- GI upset
- Torticollis
What is the most commonly dysfunctional cranial bone?
Occiput
What cranial bone affects the most CN’s?
Temporal
With infants, what type of OMM techniques are preferred?
Indirect
With cranial dysfunctions in infants, what are 3 treatments?
Condylar decompression
BMT
Venous sinus release
What is Craniosynostosis?
Cranial sutures fuse too early
Craniosynostosis needs to be ruled out before OMM is performed on infants. What differentiates it from Plagiocephaly?
Forehead does NOT protrude
What is Plagiocephaly?
Flat spot develops on 1 side of the head
How will the head look with Plagiocephaly?
Parallelogram shaped head with a forehead protrusion
What 2 things is Plagiocephaly associated with?
Torticollis
Lateral strain
What is Brachycephaly? What strain pattern is it associated with?
Back of the head is flat; head is wide
– Associated with vertical/flexion strain
What is Scaphocephaly? What strain pattern is it associated with?
Head is long and narrow
– Extension strain
What is the most common dysfunction that causes Otitis Media?
Internally rotated Temporal bone
What is the most common dysfunction that causes Otitis Media?
Internally rotated Temporal Bone
What SNS levels correlate with Otitis Media?
T1 - T4
Torticollis is from what CN dysfunction?
11
In children the cranium is fully ossified, but what is still open?
Epiphyseal plates are still open –> growing pains with rapid growth
URI’s are common with children. What treatment modality is the best?
Lymphatics
URI’s are common with children. What treatment modality is the best?
Lymphatics
With an URI, what is the SNS innervation?
T1 - T4
If a child has URI symptoms for longer than 10 days, it initially improved but then worsened and has associated purulent discharge, what is the likely diagnosis?
Bacterial Sinusitis
What OMM modality can be used for Bacterial Sinusitis too?
Lymphatics
What is the SNS innervation for Asthma?
T1 - T7
With children that have Asthma, diaphragm and rib dysfunctions are common. What specific type of rib dysfunctions?
Inhalation dysfunctions
What OMM treatment can be used for Asthma?
Rib raising
–> SNS of T1 - T7
What are the 2 PNS locations that are treatable with their corresponding nerves?
OA/AA = Vagus
S2 - S4 = Pelvic Splanchnic
What does the PNS Vagus innervate?
Upper GI –> Transverse Colon
What does the PNS pelvic splanchnics innervate?
Descending colon –> rectum
If you increase the tone of the OA/AA or S2 - S4, what will occur?
Increased peristalsis (PNS)
SNS celiac ganglion levels and what it innervates?
T5 - T9 = Upper GI –> duodenum
SNS superior mesenteric ganglion levels and what it innervates?
T10 - T 11 = Middle GI –> splenic flexure
SNS inferior mesenteric ganglion and what it innervates?
T12 - L2 = Splenic flexure –> rectum
If you increase the tone of the SNS from T5 - L2, what will occur?
Decreased peristalsis
If you are treating GERD, what levels of the PNS/SNS should you treat?
PNS = vagus at the OA SNS = celiac ganglion at the T5 - T9
With MSK complaints in children, what else should you evaluate besides the joint in question?
Joints above and below
What are the SNS levels that correspond to Constipation?
T10 - L2 = superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion
What treatment promotes the PNS for Constipation?
Sacral rock
