Compression Neuropathies

Question 1

What is a neuropathy?

Answer 1

Nerve damage or dysfunction that results in numbness, tingling, weakness and pain

Question 2

What are 3 systemic causes of a neuropathy?

Answer 2

Pregnancy
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes

Question 3

Besides systemic causes, what category is the next main cause of neuropathies?

Answer 3

Compression – biomechanical forces

Question 4

What are the pathological changes associated with a compression neuropathy?

Answer 4

1. Ischemia
2. Thickened epineurium and Thinned myelin
3. MT closure and axon degeneration

Question 5

Describe the setup of a nerve until the endoneurium

Answer 5

Axon

• -> myelin
• -> endoneurium

Question 6

A group of axons = _____ ; which are then covered by?

Answer 6

Fascicles are covered by Perineurium

Question 7

Describe what the Epineurium surrounds?

Answer 7

Fascicles + blood vessels and connective tissue

Question 8

1st degree nerve injury

Answer 8

Neuropraxia

Question 9

Neuropraxia involves damage to the?

Answer 9

Myelin sheath only

Question 10

2nd degree nerve injury

Answer 10

Axonotmesis

Question 11

Axonotmesis involves damage to the?

Answer 11

Axon only

Question 12

3rd, 4th, and 5th degree nerve injuries are all labeled as?

Answer 12

Neurotmesis

Question 13

3rd degree Neurotmesis

Answer 13

Damage to the axon, myelin and endoneurium

Question 14

4th degree Neurotmesis

Answer 14

Damage to axon, myelin, endoneurium and perineurium

Question 15

5th degree Neurotmesis

Answer 15

Damage to axon, myelin, endoneurium, perineurium and Epineurium

Question 16

What are the 5 models?

Answer 16

Biomechanical
Neurologic
Resp.-Circ.
Metabolic
Behavioral

Question 17

C5

Answer 17

Biceps and lateral arm

Question 18

C6

Answer 18

Brachioradialis
Wrist extension and Elbow flexion
Radial forearm and thumb/index fingers

Question 19

C7

Answer 19

Triceps
Wrist flexion, Elbow/Finger Extension
Middle finger

Question 20

C8

Answer 20

Finger flexion

Ulnar forearm and pinky

Question 21

T1

Answer 21

Finger abduction

Medial arm

Question 22

What usually causes a cervical nerve compression?

Answer 22

Secondary to cervical disc disease

– bulging/herniation

Question 23

When a cervical disc ruptures, what direction does it usually go?

Answer 23

Posterior-laterally

Question 24

Cervical nerve compressions are usually compressed at the nerve root. What does that cause?

Answer 24

Radiculopathy

==> pain down nerve distribution

Question 25

What are 3 tests for Cervical Nerve compressions?

Answer 25

Spurling
Adson
Hoffmann

Question 26

Spurling test

Answer 26

Extend and rotate head TOWARD symptomatic side

Question 27

Adson test

Answer 27

Elevate chin and rotate head TOWARD symptomatic side while breathing in
–> obliterated radial pulse on that side

Question 28

Hoffmann test

Answer 28

Snap middle finger

–> flexion of thumb and index finger

Question 29

Adson test can identify?

Answer 29

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 30

Hoffmann test can identify?

Answer 30

Cervical myelopathy