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Animal Science 2 > oMidterm Study Guide > Flashcards

oMidterm Study Guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a dietary essential for one or more species of animal

A

nutrients

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2
Q

Describe the 3 characteristics of the simple non-ruminant animal

A
  1. one stomach
  2. pouch-like non compartmentalized
  3. enzymes in GI
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3
Q

what are the three segments of the small intestine and their functions?

A
  1. duodenum - bile + juice from pancreas absorb nutrients
  2. Jejunum - absorbs sugars, Amino Acids, and fatty acids
  3. ileum - absorbs any remaining nutrients and B12 specifically
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4
Q

what are the two functions of the liver

A

1.filter blood
2. bile release

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5
Q

what is the function of the gizzard

A

break down food in birds

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6
Q

what is digested in the rumen

A

soluble sugars and starch

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7
Q

describe rumination

A

chewing cud

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8
Q

if you look at the inside of the reticulum what is the most distinguishing feature?

A

honey comb

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9
Q

which compartment of the stomach compartment is called the butcher’s bible? Why is it called this?

A

omasum because of all of its folds that break down food

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10
Q

what is the true stomach compartment of the ruminant called?

A

abomasum

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11
Q

what are two advantages of ruminant digestion

A
  1. rumen microbes used as protein
  2. breaks down food more and easier
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12
Q

what is a disadvantage of ruminant digestion

A

slow digestion of poor forages

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13
Q

What is the pseudo ruminant that we talked about in class

A

hippo

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14
Q

which animal is a colon fermenter

A

horse

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15
Q

describe how feed is processed through ruminant animal mouth to rectum

A

mouth, rumen, back to mouth(cud), rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

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16
Q

What is body maintenance

A

no gain or loss. maintain body state

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17
Q

maintenance functions have first priority for nutrients. what are the maintenance functions?

A
  1. water balance
  2. body repair
  3. body temp regulation
  4. organ function
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18
Q

approximately what % of feed is used to fill maintenance requirement

A

about 50%

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19
Q

if a steer weighs 1000 pounds how much would you have to feed to maintain the steer

A

25.5 pounds. 500 x 3% = 15 x 1.7 = 25.5

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20
Q

when considering growth, what has to be fed to promote muscle growth?

A

protein

21
Q

minerals are needed for proper bone growth, what 2 minerals are needed and their sources?

A
  1. Calcium - legumes
  2. Phosphorus - grains
22
Q

why is iodine needed for growth

A

to prevent goiter

23
Q

why is selenium needed for growth

A

white muscle disease

24
Q

why is vitamin D needed for growth

A

Bone Growth

25
Q

What is fattening?

A

storing excess energy in fat

26
Q

how much energy is needed to produce a pound of fat versus muscle

A

2.25 x as much energy

27
Q

poorly fed or overly fat female may have trouble with

A

reproduction / lactation

28
Q

when are nutrient requirements the greatest in fetal growth

A

last trimester

29
Q

why is the need for protein greater when the animal is lactating

A

milk is high in protein

30
Q

all proteins are composed of a substance called

A

amino acids

31
Q

amino acids can either be ______ or ________

A

essential; nonessential

32
Q

which amino acids must be provided in an animals diet

A

essential

33
Q

all amino acids contain this substance and all proteins contain this too

A

nitrogen

34
Q

what are two sources of protein found in plants

A
  1. soybean meal
  2. alfalfa hay
35
Q

what is composed of simple sugars such as glucose

A

carbohydrates

36
Q

what are fats that are usually of animal origin

A

lard

37
Q

which minerals are required in large quantities

A

macrominerals

38
Q

which minerals are required in small quantities

A

microminerals

39
Q

which vitamin can be synthesized if animals are exposed to sunlight

A

vitamin D

40
Q

vitamins are classified into two groups, what are they

A
  1. fat soluble
  2. water soluble
41
Q

all animals require energy, what it is used for

A

locomotion and themroregulation

42
Q

what two things provide the most energy in a feed

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. fats
43
Q

because we cannot accurately determine the nutrient composition of feed what must we use?

A

approximate analysis

44
Q

what is digestibility of feed?

A

amount of nutrients absorbed in digestive tract

45
Q

what is Net Energy

A

energy in feed - energy in feces = net energy

46
Q

what is metabolizable energy

A

energy in feed - urine and feces

47
Q

what are roughages

A

high fiber - low energy
hay, alfalfa

48
Q

what are concentrates

A

high energy - low fiber
soybean meal, cottonseed hulls

Animal Science 2 (2 decks)

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