OMA-8 Flashcards
Obstacle TO path
an obstacle located 342m from end of TODA and displaced 119m from centerline
should the obstacle be considered?
MANUFACTOR EMPTY WEIGHT?
PROPULSION
SYSTEMS
STRUCTURE
OPERATING EMPTY WEIGHT?
MANUFACTOR EMPTY WEIGHT
+
CABIN EQUIPMENT AND CREWS
DRY OPERATING WEIGHT?
OPERATING EMPTY WEIGHT
+
CATERING/NEWSPAPERS
ZERO FUEL WEIGHT?
DRY OPERATING WEIGHT
+
TOTAL TRAFFIC LOAD
LANDING WEIGHT?
ZERO FUEL WEIGHT
+
FUEL RESERVES
TAKEOFF WEIGHT?
LANDING WEIGHT
+
TRIP FUEL
TAXI WEIGHT?
TAKEOFF WEIGHT
+
TAXI FUEL
MAX TO WEIGHT of the DAY?
limitation utile
Max TOW is smallest of the 3:
MTOW
MLW+TRIP
MZFW+TOF
Traffic load?
Traffic load Max?
Traffic load=Max TO W of the day - Mops
Mops=DOW+TOF
Traffic load max= MZFW-DOW
DEPARTURE AIRPORT
When LVP in force?
if we cannot return, then?
what RWY equipment for
Vz 500m,
250m,
200m,
150m
<400m, LVP must be in force
if no LVP in force: lowest RVR is 400m
if not possible to return for met or performance: TO alt
500m: NIL, RVR initial can be replaced by pilot assessment
250m: RE light and/or CM. at night RE and REIL
200m: RE and CL
150m: RE and CL and multiple RVR info
required RVR must be achieved for all relevant RVR reporting points
Conversion Met Vz to RVR
When is it used?
Not used for TO, not used for calculating any other required RVR minimum less than 800m or when reported RVR is available
“RVR more than 1500m” is not considered to be a reported value
to get RVR, you multiply the reported Met Vz by:
no lighting *1 day, NA at night
HI app and RWY lighting *1,5 day, *2 night
any type of lighting other *1 day, *1,5 night
RVR EU OPS
Touchdown RVR?
define “relevant”?
Touchdown zone RVR is always controlling
If reported and relevant, mid point and stop end RVR are also controlling
mid is 125m, stop is 75m (OS restriction)
Airplane equiped with a rollout guidance or control system, mid RVR is 75m (EU OPS)
“relevant”: means that part of the RWY used during the hight speed phase of the landing down to a speed of approximately 60Kts
Define TAXI Fuel?
TRIP Fuel?
CONTINGENCY Fuel?
Taxi fuel: allowance for engine start and taxi out including APU usage. statistical data, except specific stations (JFK)
TRIP fuel: for TO and climb, TOC to TOD, TOD to point where approach is initiated, approach and landing (most restrictive approach)
Contingency fuel: to cover unforseen varations errors in wind/temp, ATC FL restriction or route, speed changes. may be used any time after commencement of flight (after pushback or engine start)
higher value of 5%, 3% trip or 5mins 1500ft above destination
Define
ALTERNATE FUEL?
FINAL RESERVE FUEL?
ADDITIONAL FUEL?
Alternate fuel: MAP,climb, cruise,descent, approach and landing at destination alternate. if 2 alt, alt fuel is for the one requiring the greater amount.
Final reserve: 30mins at holding speed at 1500ft above landing destination or alternate
Additional fuel: to comply with ETOPS, eng failure and pressurisation failure.
if NO alternate: hold 15mins at 1500ft above destination.
additional fuel only required if TRIP, CONT, ALT and FINAL is not sufficient to cover: at most critical point, and eng fail or depressu, descent to divert, hold 15mins at 1500ft and an approach and landing.
Define EXTRA FUEL?
added by CdB for operational and/or safety reasons (tanker fuel, MEL, additional, …)
penalty is 3% of extra fuel per hour of flight
Visual Approach 1
Condition?
Minima?
Visual approach are forbidden at night
RWY must be in sight and remain in sight during visual approach
All navaids must be used and extended centerline
PF establish on centerline and GP not less than 4Nm
At or below the relevant circling minima or DA/H, an approach shall be discontinued by an immediate GA unless visual reference requirements can be maintain
EU OPS RVR not less than 800m
OPS SPECS: ceiling 1000ft, Vz 3SM
Visual Approach 2
before established on extended RWY centerline?
Established on extended RWY centerline?
before: sufficient visual ref and either the approach light or RWY itself.
if NOT: Visual Approach chart with sufficient visual ref to allow navigation along the tracks
Established: sufficient approach lighting, RWY lights or RWY itself must be continuously in view to follow the required flight path.
Approach RVR
OPS SPECS particularities?
CATI, CATII, CATIIIA?
TDZ is controlling
CATI: if TDZ unavailable: MID can be substituted. MID and ROLLOUT are advisory only
CATII: TDZ and MID must be used. ROLLOUT is advisory. if MID unavailable: ROLLOUT can substituted
CATIIIA: TDZ,MID,ROLLOUT must be used, ROLLOUT is advisory
MASS
Flight Crew?
Cabin Crew?
Hold bags?
Adults?
Child?
Infant?
Baggage standard mass?
Last minute change?
adult age?
Infants age?
Flight Crew 85kg
Cabin crew 75kg
Hold bag 16kg
Adult 96kg male 100kg/ female 82kg
Child 47kg
infant 0kg
Baggage standard mass 16kg
last minute changes +- 500kg
adult: a person age 12 years old and above
Infants: less than 2 years of age
TO ALTERNATES
When do we need one?
Location?
Minima?
Specified when it would not be possible to return to departure airport for met of performance reason at time of departure.
selected when weather at departure are below landing minima
NOT the aerodrome of departure
Location within: 60mins single-eng inop cruise speed 428Kts TAS. for ETOPS not in USA: 120mins at single-eng inop speed
Normal operating minima apply and engine failure limitation must be considered. NPA ceiling and Vz
USA and canada use alternate minima
OMC.9.9.2 indicates: weather minima CATI or better
DESTINATION AIRPORT
Weather requirements?
minima?
METAR and/or TAF must indicates that weather at destination above planning minima ±1 hour.
If destination weather below LVP minima or when no MET info available:
2 alternates forecast above alternate planning minima
ENROUTE ALTERNATES
When do we need one?
location?
minima?
Enroute alternate when using the reduce contingency fuel from 5% to 3%
location: radius -20% of total FPL distance
- circle centered FROM destination distance 25% of total FPL dist or 20% of total distance+50Nm whichever is greater
weather minima ±1 hour ETA
CATII and CATIII: CATI (minimum RVR)
CATI: NPA (ceiling above MDA)
NPA: NPA+200ft/ 1000m
circling: circling
REDUCED CONTINGENCY FUEL
What does it provides?
What Fuel do we compare?
Tech logbook and maintenance
Daily check when?
Weekly check?
ETOPS transit/preflight check when?
Case of diversion ETOPS flight ?
daily check: every 48 calendar hours
weekly (125FH): every 125 flight hours
ETOPS transit check: prior each sector
diversion for NON-technical reason: if no ETOPS qualified engineer: flight crew may carry out the check and the flight is NON ETOPS for one sector
call BA maintrol, maintrol gives a log number to flight crew, flight crew record details in TLB
REFUELING with Pax
Criteria? (4)
Establish Coms with Engineer
Inform Cabin crew beginning and end
“NO smoking sign” ON
“Seat belt sign” OFF
Reserve Fuel Consist of? (4)
Contingency Fuel
Alternate Fuel
Final Reserve Fuel
Additional Fuel (if required)
SEPARATE RWY
define the 2 conditions?
Separate landing surfaces may overlay or cross but if one RWY is blocked, it will not prevent planned type of operations on the other RWY
AND
Each of the landing surfaces has a separate approach procedure based on a separate aid
Noise abatement departure procedure
When is it not used?
Which one we used?
What is the other one?
NOT used below 500ft AGL and not when climb gradiant is less than 4%
NADP 1: 1500ft climb thrust, at 3000ft retract flaps
NADP2: at 1500ft retract flaps
Rescue and Fire Fighting
Categorie Schedule? non-schedule? ETOPS?
Downgrade before flight by Notam?
after fligth begin?
Schedule Flight: 7
Non-schedule flight: 4
ETOPS: 4
Diversion to alternate: 4
Downgrade before flight by notam: minimum 4
downgrade after flight: Continue
B757 class: 7 (depends of lenght of the fuselage
CIRCLING MINIMA EU OPS?
OPS SPECS?
Circling definition?
EU OPS: CAT C MDH 1000ft Viz: 2400m
(airport+1000)
OPS SPECS: MDH 1000ft Viz: 2 SM (3200m)
Circling: Visual phase of an instrument approach
CDFA
What is CDFA?
particularities?
met below 800m?
NPA minimum MDH and RVR?
Continuous Descent Final Approach
for all NPA. if not flow using CDFA minimum RVR is increased by 400m up to 5000m.
When airport Viz met is below 800m: do not commence any approach or landing unless RVR reporting is available for the RWY of intended use
NPA minimum MDH: 250ft and RVR not less than 750m
define LTS?
CAT I instrument approach and landing operation using CAT I DH with an RVR lower than would normally be associated with applicable DH
WEATHER 1
Application of forecast, applicable time?
ETOPS, wind, TEMPO, PROB TEMPO?
define a ceiling?
Applicable time: from start of TAF up to time of first FM, BECMG, if no FM or BECMG then up to the end of TAF
ETOPS: Mean wind and gust exceeding X-wind limits should be fully applied
TEMPO: deterioration applicable if below landing minima, improvements disregard
PROB TEMPO: deterioration may be disregard
Ceiling: start at BKN (disregard FEW and SCT)
WEATHER 2
DENEB?
TAF validity?
TEMPO?
BECMG?
NOSIG?
RAPID?
FM?
DENEB: Fog dispersal operations are in progress
TAF: 9 hour TAF updated and reissued every 3 hours
12 and 24 hours TAF every 6 hours
TEMPO: Temporary fluctuations in the bloc of 1 to 4 hours. each of those fluctuations cnnot last more than an hour and does not apply to half of the forecast period.
BECMG: gradual, over a large time, usually 2 hours. changes forecast with beginning and end hours
NOSIG: no significant change in the next 2 hours to come
RAPID: rapid changes (before half an hour on average)
FM: rapid changes, less than 1 hour
OXYGEN
Cockpit requirements?
cabin crew?
Entire flight time when cabin alt above 13000ft and entire flight time when cabin alt above 10000ft but does not exceed 13000ft after the first 30 minutes but in no case lower than: 2 hours for aircraft certifiied to fly at altitudes above FL250
Cabin crew is the same
ALTERNATE DISREGARD
What are the requirements to disregard the destination alternate? (3)
Remainer of flight does not exceed 6 hours
AND
2 separate RWY available and usable at destination
AND
appropriate weather reports and forecast for destination from ± 1 hour of ETA:
- Ceiling at least 2000ft or circling +500ft whichever is greater
- Viz at least 5Km
WAKE TURBULENCES
Medium, heavy?
Departure separation?
Approach separation? ICAO/ FAA
medium: 7T to 136T
Heavy: 136T or greater
Departure M behind H: 2 mins from same point/ 3 mins form intermediate position
ICAO: H ahead M: 5Nm
M ahead M: 3 Nm
FAA: Super ahead H: 7Nm
H ahead M: 5Nm
