OLV- (Physiology) Millers fast paced ppt. Newby

Question 1

the lungs have an inward elastic recoil to their make up

approx ___ elastic fiber within the lungs

Approx_____ r/t the fluid lining the surface of the lungs

and if allowed the lungs would collapse upon them selfs

Answer 1

1/3

2/3

Question 2

The thoracic cage has an ______ and _____ recoil or tendency

Answer 2

• outward
• upward

*** if allowed they would expand outward and upward without recoil

Question 3

just to clearify the last 2 slides

Answer 3

the two opposing forces nullify each other b/c of the closed system b/t them

Question 4

There is a negative intra-plural pressure b/t the pleura (visceral and Parietal) filled with fluid at approximately _____, this pressure is made more negative upon inspiration to approx _______. This causes the lungs to expand and create a sub atmospheric enviroment.

Answer 4

• -5 cmH20
• -7.5 cmH20

Question 5

There is a negative intra-plural pressure b/t the pleura (visceral and Parietal) filled with fluid at approximately -5cmH20 this pressure is made more negative upon inspiration to approx -7.5 cmH20, This causes the lungs to expand and create a sub atmospheric enviroment. during expiration this pressure will become less negative, under normal respirations, this pressure is Never _____, but during extreme forceful breathing, this pressure can become ______-

Answer 5

• positive
• positive

Question 6

Thoracic Physiology:

what is the muscular force on inhalation with normal ventilation? 2 steps, and name the effect

Answer 6

• contraction of diaphragm
• Contraction of External Intercostal muscles
• creats the PALE-HANDLE effect

Question 7

Thoracic Physiology:

The muscular force of inhalation for normal ventilation is a combination of the contraction of the diaphragm and contraction of the externsl intercostal muscles creating the pale-handle effect. this ______ the negativity of the intraplural space, therby drawing the surface of the lungs ______, creating a negative enviroment within the lungs, drawing air into the _____ space

Answer 7

• increases
• outward
• thoracic

Question 8

Thoracic Physiology:

Muscular interaction exhalation during normal ventilation is accomplished by how (2 ways)

Answer 8

• passive relaxation of diaphragm
• Passive relaxation of external intercostals

Question 9

Thoracic Physiology:

in normal ventilation the muscular interaction for exhalation is the passive relaxation of diaphragm and passive relaxation of the external intercostals. This _____ pressures with the thoracic cavity along with elastic recoil of the lungs. forcing air to be expired by the body.

Answer 9

increases

Question 10

Respiratory Physiology:

Larger airways are lined with what 2 things?

Answer 10

1. cartilidge
2. smooth muscle tissue

Question 11

Respiratory Physiology:

smaller airways lack _____, but retain _____?

Answer 11

• cartilidge
• smooth muscle tissue

Question 12

Respiratory Physiology:

Smaller airways are attached also attached to what?

Answer 12

lung paranchyma

Question 13

Respiratory Physiology:

since the smaller airways are attached to lung paranchyma what does this mean?

Answer 13

smooth muscle cells are not the only controlling factor for airway diameter

Question 14

Airway of the Lungs:

Airways are under control of what to things?

Answer 14

1. Physiologic
2. humoral

Question 15

Airway of the Lungs:

what is the physiologic ways the airway is controlled?

Answer 15

• Bronchials have SNS and PNS innervation

Question 16

Airway of the Lungs:

the SNS physiologic control of the airway in controled by what receptors?

Answer 16

• Mainly Beta-2
• Some Alpha-1

Question 17

Airway of the Lungs:

the PNS physiological control of teh airway is controlled by what receptors?

Answer 17

• 80% M2 muscarinic
• the remainder M3 muscarinic receptors

** M2 receptors are PNS in regards to the pulmonary system

Question 18

Airway of the Lungs:

What 3 things make up the Humoral control of the airway?

Answer 18

• Circulating catecholamines
• Inflammatory mediators
• Neural peptides (ex. vasoactive intestinal peptides)

Question 19

in the lungs where does “the magic happen”

Answer 19

the alveolus

Question 20

what is a small spherical structure of the lungs that is only one cell layer think?

Answer 20

Alveolus

Question 21

the alveolus is surrounded by what?

Answer 21

a vascular bundle or network

Question 22

what occurs in the alveolus?

Answer 22

gas exchange

(known as respiration)

ohhhhhhhhh ahhhhhhhhhhh

Question 23

Althought the alveolus seems by far to be the most important cell type and structure; there are other important cells as well. what are they? I’ll give you a hint there is 3

Answer 23

• Type I alveolar cells
• Type II alveolar cells
• Macrohages/Mast/Lymphocytes

Question 24

What do type I alveolar cells do?

Answer 24

create tight junctions

Question 25

What do type II alveolar cells do?

Answer 25

produce surfactant

Question 26

Label

Answer 26

1. Alveolar epithelium
2. Epithelium Basment membrane
3. Fluid and sufactant layer
4. Interstitial space
5. Capillary basement membrane
6. capillary endotheliium
7. RBC
8. CO2
9. O2

Question 27

Alveoli:

Under normal healthy conditions

• the alveoli at the apex of the lung are more ____1___ and at a ___2__ resting pressure (near maximum expansion)
• Alveoli in the base of the lungs are much __3__ distended and are at ___4____ resting pressures

Answer 27

1. distended
2. Lower
3. less
4. higher

Question 28

Alveoli:

Under normal healthy conditions the alveoli at the apex of the lung are more distended and at a lower resting pressure (near maximum expansion) and the Alveoli in the base of the lungs are much less distended and are at higher resting pressures. These 2 points are related to what?

Answer 28

gravity

Question 29

Alveoli:

When averaged, the normal pressure of the alveoli at end expiration is approximately what?

Answer 29

0, zero, zip, null, nothing, ziltch, notta damn thing

Question 30

Zones of west pic label

Answer 30

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

Question 31

Zones of west:

the lung is divided into ___ theoretical Zones by Dr. John (Wild Wild) West

Answer 31

4

Question 32

Zones of west:

• P_A
• P_a
• P_V

Answer 32

• P_A-partial pressure of alveolus
• P_a- Partial pressure of artery
• P_V- Partial prssure of vein

Question 33

Zones of west:

the zones were devised by teh nature of the alveoli and their interation with what?

Answer 33

the vascular system