Olivia kern's 1.2 Muscular system

Question 1

Outline the characteristics common to muscle tissue

Answer 1

Contractility 
Extensibility 
Elasticity 
Atrophy 
Hypertrophy 
Excitability (controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries)

Question 2

What is Contractility :

Answer 2

Ability to contract and generate force when stimulated by a nerve; ability to shorten.

Question 3

What is Extensibility :

Answer 3

Extensibility: Ability to be stretched beyond the muscles normal length.

Question 4

What is elasticity :

Answer 4

Ability to return to its original resting length after the stretch is removed.

Question 5

What is Atrophy:

Answer 5

Decrease in the mass of muscle tissue.

Question 6

What is Hypertrophy

Answer 6

Increase in the size of muscle tissue through increase in the number of myofibrils.

Question 7

What is Excitability (controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries):

Answer 7

Ability to receive stimuli via electrical pulse which causes contraction of the muscle cells.

Question 8

Distinguish between the different types of muscle

Answer 8

• Skeletal muscle: Voluntary control; striated appearance; multinucleated fibres; usually attached to skin or bone.
• Cardiac muscle: Involuntary control; striated appearance; branches of uninucleated fibres; found in walls of heart.
• Smooth muscle: Involuntary control; unstriated appearance; uninucleated fibres; lines the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs (e.g. stomach and intestines).

Question 9

Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

Question 10

Define Origin:

Answer 10

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone. The bone which stays stationary during a specific movement.

Question 11

Define Insertion:

Answer 11

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone. The bone which moves during a specific movement

Question 12

Rectus Abdominis:

Excercise :

Movement:

When is it agonist:

When is it antagonist:

Answer 12

Exercise: Crunches (up agonist (shortening) down antagonist (lengthening))

Movement: Flexion of the spine

Spine/trunk flexion: Agonist

Antagonist: Spine extension

Question 13

External Obliques:

Movement:

Excercise:

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 13

Movement: Lateral trunk flexion

Excercise: Lateral side bends/crunches

Agonist: side flexion

Antagonist: side extension

Question 14

Erector Spinae:

Movement:

Excercise:

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 14

MOVEMENT: Trunk extension

EXERCISE Back extension

Agonist: Spine extension

Antagonist: Spine/Trunk flexion

Question 15

Anterior Deltoid:

Movement:

Excercise:

when is it agonist:

when is it antagonist:

Answer 15

MOVEMENT: Extension, flexion, and abduction of the shoulder

EXERCISE example : Front/Lateral arm raise

Agonist: shoulder flexion

Antagonist: shoulder extension

Question 16

Pectoralis Major:

Movement:

Excercise

Agonist:

Antagonist

Answer 16

MOVEMENT: Flexion (transverse), Adduction of the shoulder

EXERCISE example : Fly

Agonist: Shoulder flexion

Antagonist: Shoulder extension, Shoulder abduction

Question 17

Biceps Brachii

Movement:

Excercise:

When is it agonist:

When is it antagonist:

Answer 17

MOVEMENT: Flexes Elbow and Shoulder (assists), Supinates Forearm

EXERCISE example : Bicep Curls, Pullups

agonist: elbow flexion

Antagonist: elbow extension

Question 18

Triceps Brachii:

Movement:

Excercise:

When is it agonist:

When is it antagonist:

Answer 18

MOVEMENT: Extends elbow and shoulder

EXERCISE example : Cable Pushdowns

Elbow extension: agonist

Elbow flexion: Antagonist

Question 19

Trapezius:

Movement:

Excercise:

Answer 19

MOVEMENT: Raise (shrug) shoulders

EXERCISE example : Shrug

Question 20

Latissimus Dorsi

Movement:

Excercise:

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 20

MOVEMENT: Adduction/Extension of the Shoulder

EXERCISE example : Pull up, Lat Pull Down

Agonist: Shoulder extension, Shoulder adduction

Antagonist: Shoulder flexion, Shoulder abduction

Question 21

Iliopsoas

Movement:

Excercise:

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 21

MOVEMENT: Hip Flexion

EXERCISE example : Swiss-ball jack knife, Hanging leg raise

Agonist: Hip flexion

Antagonist: Hip extension

Question 22

Sartorius:

Movement:

Excercise:

Answer 22

MOVEMENT: Hip Flexion, Hip abduction, Knee Flexion

EXERCISE example : Hanging leg raise, Flutter kicks

Question 23

Quadriceps:

4 parts:

Movement:

Excercise:

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 23

4 Parts:

Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Vastus Intermedius (VI)

MOVEMENT: Knee extension, Hip Flexion (RF)

EXERCISE example : Squats, Lunges, Single leg squat

Agonist: knee extension

Antagonist: knee flexion

Question 24

Hamstrings:

4 Parts:

Movements:

Excercise:

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 24

4 parts:

Biceps Femoris (BF), Semimembranosus (SM), Semitendinosus (ST),

MOVEMENT: Hip extension, Knee Flexion

EXERCISE example : Swiss ball curl, Deadlift, Lying leg curl

Agonist: Hip extension, knee flexion

Antagonist: Knee extenstion, hip flexion

Question 25

Gluteus Maximus:

Movement:

Excercise:

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 25

MOVEMENT: Hip Extension

EXERCISE example :deadlift

Agonist: Hip extension

Antagonist: Hip flexion

Question 26

Tibialis Anterior:

Movement:

Excercise

Agonist :

Antagonist:

Answer 26

MOVEMENT: Dorsiflexion of foot

EXERCISE example : Reverse Calf Raise, Lying Reverse Calf Raise

Agonist: Dorsiflexion

Antagonist: Plantar flexion

Question 27

Gastrocnemius (GN) and Soleus (S):

Movement:

Excercise

Agonist:

Antagonist:

Answer 27

MOVEMENT: Plantarflexion of foot

EXERCISE example : Standing Calf Raise (GN), Seated Calf Raise (S)

Agonist: Plantar flexion

Antagonist: Dorsiflexion

Question 28

What is agonist?

What is antagonist?

Answer 28

Agonist is the prime mover and the muscle is shortening as its contracting (concentric contraction)

Antagonist: More relaxed. Lengething. (not contracting as hard) contracting while its lengthening. (eccentric contraction).