Olivia kern's 1.2 Muscular system Flashcards
Outline the characteristics common to muscle tissue
Contractility Extensibility Elasticity Atrophy Hypertrophy Excitability (controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries)
What is Contractility :
Ability to contract and generate force when stimulated by a nerve; ability to shorten.
What is Extensibility :
Extensibility: Ability to be stretched beyond the muscles normal length.
What is elasticity :
Ability to return to its original resting length after the stretch is removed.
What is Atrophy:
Decrease in the mass of muscle tissue.
What is Hypertrophy
Increase in the size of muscle tissue through increase in the number of myofibrils.
What is Excitability (controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capillaries):
Ability to receive stimuli via electrical pulse which causes contraction of the muscle cells.
Distinguish between the different types of muscle
- Skeletal muscle: Voluntary control; striated appearance; multinucleated fibres; usually attached to skin or bone.
- Cardiac muscle: Involuntary control; striated appearance; branches of uninucleated fibres; found in walls of heart.
- Smooth muscle: Involuntary control; unstriated appearance; uninucleated fibres; lines the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs (e.g. stomach and intestines).
Annotate the structure of skeletal muscle


Define Origin:
the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone. The bone which stays stationary during a specific movement.
Define Insertion:
the attachment of a muscle tendon to a moveable bone. The bone which moves during a specific movement
Rectus Abdominis:
Excercise :
Movement:
When is it agonist:
When is it antagonist:
Exercise: Crunches (up agonist (shortening) down antagonist (lengthening))
Movement: Flexion of the spine
Spine/trunk flexion: Agonist
Antagonist: Spine extension
External Obliques:
Movement:
Excercise:
Agonist:
Antagonist:
Movement: Lateral trunk flexion
Excercise: Lateral side bends/crunches
Agonist: side flexion
Antagonist: side extension
Erector Spinae:
Movement:
Excercise:
Agonist:
Antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Trunk extension
EXERCISE Back extension
Agonist: Spine extension
Antagonist: Spine/Trunk flexion
Anterior Deltoid:
Movement:
Excercise:
when is it agonist:
when is it antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Extension, flexion, and abduction of the shoulder
EXERCISE example : Front/Lateral arm raise
Agonist: shoulder flexion
Antagonist: shoulder extension
Pectoralis Major:
Movement:
Excercise
Agonist:
Antagonist
MOVEMENT: Flexion (transverse), Adduction of the shoulder
EXERCISE example : Fly
Agonist: Shoulder flexion
Antagonist: Shoulder extension, Shoulder abduction
Biceps Brachii
Movement:
Excercise:
When is it agonist:
When is it antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Flexes Elbow and Shoulder (assists), Supinates Forearm
EXERCISE example : Bicep Curls, Pullups
agonist: elbow flexion
Antagonist: elbow extension
Triceps Brachii:
Movement:
Excercise:
When is it agonist:
When is it antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Extends elbow and shoulder
EXERCISE example : Cable Pushdowns
Elbow extension: agonist
Elbow flexion: Antagonist
Trapezius:
Movement:
Excercise:
MOVEMENT: Raise (shrug) shoulders
EXERCISE example : Shrug
Latissimus Dorsi
Movement:
Excercise:
Agonist:
Antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Adduction/Extension of the Shoulder
EXERCISE example : Pull up, Lat Pull Down
Agonist: Shoulder extension, Shoulder adduction
Antagonist: Shoulder flexion, Shoulder abduction
Iliopsoas
Movement:
Excercise:
Agonist:
Antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Hip Flexion
EXERCISE example : Swiss-ball jack knife, Hanging leg raise
Agonist: Hip flexion
Antagonist: Hip extension
Sartorius:
Movement:
Excercise:
MOVEMENT: Hip Flexion, Hip abduction, Knee Flexion
EXERCISE example : Hanging leg raise, Flutter kicks
Quadriceps:
4 parts:
Movement:
Excercise:
Agonist:
Antagonist:
4 Parts:
Rectus Femoris (RF), Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Vastus Intermedius (VI)
MOVEMENT: Knee extension, Hip Flexion (RF)
EXERCISE example : Squats, Lunges, Single leg squat
Agonist: knee extension
Antagonist: knee flexion
Hamstrings:
4 Parts:
Movements:
Excercise:
Agonist:
Antagonist:
4 parts:
Biceps Femoris (BF), Semimembranosus (SM), Semitendinosus (ST),
MOVEMENT: Hip extension, Knee Flexion
EXERCISE example : Swiss ball curl, Deadlift, Lying leg curl
Agonist: Hip extension, knee flexion
Antagonist: Knee extenstion, hip flexion
Gluteus Maximus:
Movement:
Excercise:
Agonist:
Antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Hip Extension
EXERCISE example :deadlift
Agonist: Hip extension
Antagonist: Hip flexion
Tibialis Anterior:
Movement:
Excercise
Agonist :
Antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Dorsiflexion of foot
EXERCISE example : Reverse Calf Raise, Lying Reverse Calf Raise
Agonist: Dorsiflexion
Antagonist: Plantar flexion
Gastrocnemius (GN) and Soleus (S):
Movement:
Excercise
Agonist:
Antagonist:
MOVEMENT: Plantarflexion of foot
EXERCISE example : Standing Calf Raise (GN), Seated Calf Raise (S)
Agonist: Plantar flexion
Antagonist: Dorsiflexion
What is agonist?
What is antagonist?
Agonist is the prime mover and the muscle is shortening as its contracting (concentric contraction)
Antagonist: More relaxed. Lengething. (not contracting as hard) contracting while its lengthening. (eccentric contraction).