Older adults and Pa Flashcards
define old age
- chronology
- change in social role (ie work patterns , retirement
- change in capabilities (ie MCI, change in physical characteristics
what age world-wide is considered elderly ?
65+ for most countries.
Causes of death worldwide ?
-increase age related disease as people live longer
- e.g. heart disease, stroke , cancer, Alzheimer’s, arteriosclerosis
- most deaths in 2014 were people aged 90. different from 1900 (infant mortality)
Aging statistics
- 2010, 17% population were 65. by 2030, nearly 25% of people in EU will e over 65
-Europe’s’ old-age dependency ration (the number of people >65 compared with the number of working-age people) will be more than double by 2050.
-1.5 million aged 85 and over. By 2035 this number is projected to be 3.5 million.
Older people in Leeds
- since 2001 there has been increase of 15% in those over the age of 85.
- improved heath and well-being, improved health of poorest older people , increase healthy life expectancy.
- reduced dependence on long term residential and acute hospital care
what factors influence longevity ?
- genetics - 25% down to genetics
- environmental - lifestyle, diseases
- ethnic
- gender- women live around 5 more years than men.
why do women live longer than men?
- men are more vulnerable to disease
- men are risk-takers
- men smoke and use alcohol more than women
- ## men allow stress of enter lives more than women
How to increase longevity within society ?
- increasing risk of precocity faced by older women who assume the main responsibility in caring for their dependent aged parent
- ageing workforce
- rising need for long-term care among the elderly (uk not planned for this)
How to define age successfully ?
-is about quality of life as well as longevity
-is the combination of absence of disease and macitence of functional capacities
- avoiding disease and disability
- engagement with life
- high cognitive and physical function
types of interventions to enhance physical function and mobility
- diet - restrictions to weight = decreased joint load , reduced pain
- exercise - only interventions consistently demonstrated to attenuate functional decline.
-cognitive training - varied results - exergaming - e.g. Wii fit, cost effective, shows promise
-Pharmaceutical - some evidence for sarcopenia but mixed results. But when used in conjunction with exercise.
-Non-invasive stimulation – increase or decrease firing rate of neurons.
Impact of Physical activity on ageing
- Pa can modify risk factors that contribute to whether or not we age successfully
Recommend Pa levels for 65+
- at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic PA throughout week or do at least 75 minutes vigorous activity.
- aerobic activity in 10 minute bouts
-older adults should increase their moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to 300 minutes per week, or engage in 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week.
-Older adults, with poor mobility, should perform physical activity to enhance balance and prevent falls on 3 or more days per week.
-Muscle-strengthening activities, involving major muscle groups, should be done on 2 or more days a week. - reduce time sitting down or lying dow, break up with moving periods.
Recommend Pa levels for 65+
- at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic PA throughout week or do at least 75 minutes vigorous activity.
- aerobic activity in 10 minute bouts
-older adults should increase their moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity to 300 minutes per week, or engage in 150 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week.
-Older adults, with poor mobility, should perform physical activity to enhance balance and prevent falls on 3 or more days per week.
-Muscle-strengthening activities, involving major muscle groups, should be done on 2 or more days a week. - reduce time sitting down or lying dow, break up with moving periods.
How did Pa levels change between 2015-16 to 2016-17?
- activity levels increased for 55-74 and 75+ age groups.
- proportion of those who were inactive decreased for 55-74 years.
what is a emerging problem with aging ?
- sitting behaviour becoming more common
- Getting inactivity people to do a little bit of physical activity, even if they don’t meet the recommendations, might provide greater population health gains (Barretto, 2015).
health cost of Pa (public health England)
-Pa helps prevent and ,manage over 20 health conditions
-inadequate PA contributes to 1 in 10 early deaths (equal to smoking)
Social cost of Pa (public health England)
-communities with higher levels of Pa have greater community cohesion and inclusion, but the number of walked trips (including journey’s to school) are on the decline.
Economic cost of Pa (public health England)
- a physically active individual on average earns £6,500 more each year, and the cost of physical inactivity in England has been estimated at £8.2 billion a year.
Benefit of using Pa as medicine
- Morality - less likely to develop cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer
- functional independence - due to increased muscle strength and aerobic fitness
- cognitive benefits - auditory attention, processing speed, does and type of exercise still up for debate.
what was the dilemma with covid-19 and Pa?
- encouragement of sedentary lifestyles and less social engagement
-vulnerable should stay indoors preventing elderly from participating in Pa outdoors - increased loneliness
- exercise should be “as vigorously promoted as social distancing itself”
