Old Stuff For Sem. Test Flashcards
Investiture Controversy
The argument over the control of appointments of church offices
Filioque
The disagreement over the Holy Trinity and the origins of the Son
Hagia Sophia
Cathedral built in city of Constantinople by Justinian; taken over by Muslims and turned from a church into a mosque; the name means “sacred wisdom”
Pope vs. Patriarch
Pope is earthly head of the Roman Catholics; Patriarch is earthly head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
Abbot vs. Abbess
An abbot is the leader of the monks and an abbess is the leader of the nuns
Rule of Benedict
Vows: celibacy, poverty, obedience to “sacred songs”
Daily Activities: pray 7x a day and perform manual labor b/c idleness is “enemy of soul”
Regular clergy vs. Secular clergy
Regular- live in seclusion
Secular- live in society
Bushido
The code of ethics that must be followed by Japanese warriors
Champa Rice
Fast-maturing rice, producing high yield
Obsidian
A volcanic rock that was used for tools, knives, and mirrors by Native Americans
Khipus
Knotted, colored cord used to transmit information and keep records
Mayan military
Main goal was to secure captives for sacrificial purposes or to use as slaves
Native American human sacrifice
War leaders or nobles were preferred as victims
1000’s sacrificed per year
Motivation to not rebel
Anasazi
Lived in the four corners region of the United States
“Three sisters”
The crops of maize, beans, and squash
Cahokia
It contains the largest mound ever discovered in North America
Theocracy
A government ruled by the religious leaders
Khubilai Khan
Established the Yuan Empire
Grandson of Gengis Kahn
Woodblock vs. Moveable Type
Woodblock was just carved into wood while moveable type was just single letters that could move around
-Moveable type was faster and cheaper
Made prep and agriculture books
Invention of the compass
Invented by Chinese
“Kick off” of European exploration
Wanted to bypass the Middle East and the search for an alternative route to the Indies
Ferdinand Magellan
Explorer that was the 1st to circumnavigate the globe
Vasco de Gama
1st European to reach India by sea
Bartholomeu Dias
1st to round the southern tip of Africa
Christopher Columbus
1st landed in Cuba
Sailed for Spain
Virginia Colony
1st British settlement in North America; named after Queen Elizabeth I who was known as the “Virgin Queen”
The Prince
- it was a guide on how to get and maintain political power
- written by Machievelli
- written to impress the Medici family who was in power in Florence
Renaissance artists and artwork
Michelangelo- Creation of Adam Botticelli- The Birth of Venus Donatello-Statue of David Raphael- Madonnas Da Vinci-Mona Lisa
Martin Luther
Created the Ninety-Five Theses
Ninety-Five Theses
- monasticism must be abolished
- clergy should be allowed to marry
- Kept communion and baptism out of the 7 sacraments (confirmation, communion, confession, baptism, holy orders, last rites, marriage)
William Harvey
Discovered the heart was the central pumping station of the circulatory system
Isaac Newton
Created 3 laws of motion and gravity
Nicolaus Copernicus
Discovered that the universe was heliocentric
Rene Descartes
The father of Modern Philosophy
July 4th
Independence Day because it was the day the Declaration of Independence was signed
July 14th
Celebrated in France because it’s the day that the revolutionaries stormed the political prison and armory called the Bastille
France 1st to do what
Wrote 1st national anthem
Urbanization
More than 50% of a country’s population lives in cities
1st country to “urbanize”
Great Britain
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
- US gained control of California
- US receives 1/2 of Mexico’s territory
- Mexico admits defeat in the Mexican-American War
Start of the Spanish-American War
USS Maine was sunk
Latin America
Napoleon III called it this because of their shared “Latin culture”
Manchus
Group of people that founded the Qing dynasty of China
End of traditional Chinese history
The biggest sign of this was the end of the Civil Service Exams
Chinese Expeditions
Leader: Zheng He
Unicorn: based on giraffes
Why did the Chinese expeditions stop?
- the new emperor wanted to distinguish himself from his predecessor
- the expeditions weren’t producing what was hoped for
- they were spending $ trying to build the emperial city
