old stuff

Question 1

what pathways does cAMP inhibit?

Answer 1

glycogen synthesis
TAG synthesis
cholesterol synthesis
FA synthesis

Question 2

what pathways does cAMP stimulate?

Answer 2

GLUT 4
glycogen breakdown
glycolysis
fat burning

Question 3

where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 3

cytosol

Question 4

what are the key enzymes of glycolysis?

Answer 4

glucokinase/hexokinase
PFK
pyruvate kinase

Question 5

what is the key rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

Answer 5

PFK

Question 6

what stimulates glycolysis?

Answer 6

glucose
insulin 
AMP, ADP, decreased ATP
NAD+
fructose 2-6 bisphosphate

Question 7

what inhibits glycolysis?

Answer 7

ATP
NADH 
glucagon
pyruvate
lactate, alanine 
citrate

Question 8

where does krebs/ TCA occur?

Answer 8

mitochondrial matrix

Question 9

what are the products of krebs?

Answer 9

NADH FADH2

Question 10

what are the enzymes of krebs?

Answer 10

IASM dehydrogenases

Question 11

what does krebs do?

Answer 11

send reduced compounds to ETS

Question 12

what inhibits krebs?

Answer 12

ATP
high energy charge
NADH
FADH2

Question 13

where does ETS occur?

Answer 13

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 14

what does ETS do?

Answer 14

make ATP

Question 15

what is the key enzyme of b-oxidation?

Answer 15

lipoprotein lipase

Question 16

what does LPL do?

Answer 16

hydrolyze TAGs

Question 17

what is the rate limiting step of b-oxidation?

Answer 17

CPT- carnitine shuffle

Question 18

what are the products of b-oxidation

Answer 18

NADH and FADH2- ETS

acetyl- CoA- krebs

Question 19

what stimulates b-oxidation?

Answer 19

epinephrine
norepinephrine
glucagon

Question 20

what inhibits b-oxidation?

Answer 20

insulin 
glucose 
ATP, energy
malonyl CoA 
acetyl CoA
NADH

Question 21

activating a FA happens where?

Answer 21

outside the mitochondrial membrane

Question 22

what is another route for excess acetyl CoA?

Answer 22

ketogenesis

Question 23

where does ketogenesis occur?

Answer 23

mitochondrial matrix

Question 24

what stimulates ketogenesis?

Answer 24

glucose
decreased glucose
AMP, ADP
b-oxidation (acetyl CoA)

Question 25

what inhibits ketogenesis?

Answer 25

ATP insulin glucose decreased acetyl CoA

Question 26

what is the rate limiting step of ketogenesis?

Answer 26

HMG CoA synthase

Question 27

what is the key enzyme of glycogenolysis?

Answer 27

glycogen phosphorylase

Question 28

where does glycogenolysis occur?

Answer 28

cytosol

Question 29

what stimulates glycogenolysis?

Answer 29

``` decreased ATP ADP epi/norepinephrine, glucagon calcium AMP kinase ```

Question 30

what inhibits glycogenolysis?

Answer 30

ATP | insulin

Question 31

what initiates glycogen synthesis?

Answer 31

glucose-6-phosphate

Question 32

what is the key enzyme of glycogen synthesis?

Answer 32

glycogen synthase

Question 33

where does FA synthesis occur?

Answer 33

cytosol

Question 34

what stimulates FA synthesis?

Answer 34

``` energy acetyl CoA NADH and FADH2 citrate glucose and fructose insulin ```

Question 35

what is the key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 35

HMG CoA reductase

Question 36

where does cholesterol synthesis occur?

Answer 36

cytosol

Question 37

what are other important enzymes of FA synthesis?

Answer 37

citrate lyase acetyl CoA carboxylase fatty acid synthase palmitoyl thioesterase

Question 38

where does GNG occur?

Answer 38

cytosol

Question 39

what are the key enzymes, different from glycolysis?

Answer 39

glucokinase- glucose-6-phosphatase PFK- fructose 1-6 bisphosphatase pyruvate kinase- PEP carboxykinase

Question 40

what stimulates GNG?

Answer 40

glucagon acetyl CoA citrate

Question 41

what inhibits GNG?

Answer 41

glucose insulin AMP, ADP fructose 2-6 bisphosphate

Question 42

which enzyme is the rate limiting enzyme of FA synthesis?

Answer 42

ACC acetyl CoA carboxylase- synthesis of malonyl CoA