Old people neuro stuff

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology of parkinsons?

Answer 1

• loss of dopaminergic neurones in the substangia nigra and lewy body formation

Question 2

What are the clinical features of parkinsons?

Answer 2

• triad of bradykinesia, lead pipe rigidity and resting tremor (pinrolling, 4-6hz)
• micrographia, poor swallow, tiredness, memory loss, expressionless face and voice secondary features
• REM sleep disorder and constipation are common complications
• gait: shuffling, forward flexed, onbloc movement, reduced arm swing, postural instability

Question 3

What drugs are used to manage parkinsons?

Answer 3

• levodopa
• dopamine agonists
• MAO- B inhibitors
• COMT inhibitors
• Glutamate antagonists

Question 4

What are the 3 clinical courses of MS?

Answer 4

• relapsing remitting: neurological deficit with complete or partial recovery, may develop into secondary progressive
• primary progressive: symptoms develop gradually and worsen overtime without recovery
• secondary progressive: gradual progression of diability unrelated to relapses after an initial relaping remitting course