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P&P 3 > Old Material > Flashcards

Old Material Flashcards

1
Q

the brainstem holds all cranial nerves except which ones?

A

1 and 2

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2
Q

Parkinson’s disease is caused by a defect in this part of the brain

A

basal ganglia

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3
Q

how many arteries supply the spinal cord?

A

one anterior

two posterior

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4
Q

what is the O2 extraction of the brain?

A

3.5 cc/min/100 g

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5
Q

what is the blood supply to the brain?

A

50 cc/min/100 g

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6
Q

what are the three components of the intracranial space?

A

brain tissue
blood
CSF

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7
Q

where is CSF made?

A

the coracoid plexus

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8
Q

why do you not use ketamine in brain surgery?

A

increases ICP

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9
Q

what does uncoupling mean when it comes to the use of inhalational anesthetics?

A

they will increase cerebral blood flow, but decrease CMRO2

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10
Q

what is the opioid of choice for neurological procedures, and why?

A

remifentanil, because it wears off quickly allowing for a post-op assessment

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11
Q

how does succinylcholine affect ICP?

A

increases it

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12
Q

should you use N2O in neuro procedures?

A

no, it increases ICP and can cause pneumocephalus

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13
Q

if the patient is in sitting position, how much space do you want between the chin and the chest?

A

2 fingerbreaths

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14
Q

what is triple H therapy for vasospasm?

A

hypervolemia
hypertension
hemodilution

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15
Q

at what occlusion percentage does someone need a carotid endarterectomy?

A

70%

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16
Q

what is the time frame for an acute MI and a recent MI?

A

acute MI is in the past 7 days, recent MI is in the past month

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17
Q

how long should you wait after a heart attack to have elective surgery?

A

4-6 weeks?

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18
Q

what is claudication?

A

the patient has pain when they walk due to peripheral artery disease

19
Q

what is the classic triad of symptoms for aortic stenosis?

A

angina
CHF
syncope

20
Q

what is normal IOP

A

16 mmHg

21
Q

where is aqueous humor produced?

A

ciliary body

22
Q

what is echothiophate?

A

a topical anti-cholinesterase for glaucoma, if patients are on it and given succinylcholine it will increase duration

23
Q

what criteria must a patient meet before regional anesthesia for eye surgery?

A

able to lie flat
no gastric reflex
no uncontrollable cough
understand language

24
Q

how long should antiplatelet therapy be done for bare-metal and drug-eluting stents?

A

6 weeks for bare-metal

1 year for drug-eluting

25
Q

at what pO2 will the brain vasodilate?

A

60 mmHg

26
Q

what level should fiO2 be kept to avoid fire in the OR?

A

keep O2 concentration 30%

27
Q

what is the afferent and efferent pathways for the oculo-cardiac reflex?

A

afferent through trigeminal nerve

efferent through vagus

28
Q

what are the 5 categories of complications with ophthalmic nerve blocks (TOPHS)?

A 
toxins
optic nerve injury 
perforation of globe
hemorrhage
systemic complications
29
Q

how long should patients be monitored after orbital blocks?

A

20 minutes

30
Q

what is hyaline membrane disease?

A

neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, decreased surfactant production

31
Q

what is a keratoplasty?

A

replacement of the cornea with donor tissue

32
Q

what is pterygium?

A

a benign growth of congunctiva on the eye

33
Q

orbital decompression is the treatment for what?

A

exophthalmos from graves disease

34
Q

how does newborn O2 consumption compare to adults?

A

3x larger

35
Q

in children, bradycardia should always be considered what, until proven otherwise?

A

hypoxia

36
Q

critically ill infants cannot tolerate a Hct lower than what?

A

35%

37
Q

what are the three shunts in fetal circulation?

A

PFO
PDA
placenta

38
Q

what are the four consequences of decreased temperature in neonates (COLD)?

A

hypervisCosity
O2 consumption increased
Lactic acidosis
Depression of respiration

39
Q

what should PaO2 be maintained at in neonates?

A

50-80 mmHg

40
Q

where is the glottis located in children vs adults?

A

C2 in children and C4/C5 in adults

41
Q

what is the allowable blood loss formula?

A

ABL = EBVx(HCT1-HCT2)/starting HCT

42
Q

classic triad of intracranial hypertension?

A

hypertension
bradycardia
apnea

43
Q

what is the hallmark sign of inadequate cardiovascular function in children?

A

difficulty feeding

P&P 3 (6 decks)

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