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ED 541 History of American Education > (Old F.) > Flashcards

(Old F.) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three challenges associated with caissons?

A

Blowouts
Fire
Caisson Disease (the bends)

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2
Q

What replaced tobacco as the main crop in the South?

A

Cotton

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3
Q

Who invented the cotton gin?

A

Eli Whitney

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4
Q

Who much cotton could a slave clean in a day before the invention of the cotton gin? After?

A

1 lb

50 lbs

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5
Q

What was the wealthiest city per capita in 1859?

A

Natchez, MS

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6
Q

What invention allowed shippers to pack a bale with 500 pounds of cotton instead of 250 pounds?

A

Screw press

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7
Q

One-third of the white population in the South was _____ while the other two-thirds was _____

A 
Landed aristocrats (plantation owners);
Yeoman class/middle class
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8
Q

T or F: Education in the South fell behind the rest of the country in the early 1800s.

A

True

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9
Q

What were the classes that made up the South?

A

Landed aristocrats
Middle class
Slaves

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10
Q

What stated that the Founding Fathers did what they did to preserve slavery?

A

1619 Project

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11
Q

What were the forces shaping education, resulting in the maintaining of the status quo in the South?

A

Rigid class society,
Slavery,
Rural,
Agricultural setting

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12
Q

What two topics were taboo in the South?

A

Religion

Slavery

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13
Q

What is the one word that sums up education in the North?

A

Change

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14
Q

What were the two revolutions that occurred mainly in the North that greatly affected education?

A

Industrial Revolution

Transportation Revolution

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15
Q

Who was the bankrupt blacksmith who left Vermont for Illinois; invented the steel plow to cut through the tough roots of the prairie grass?

A

John Deere

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16
Q

Who invented the mechanical reaper; can now harvest 9 acres of land?

A

Cyrus McCormick

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17
Q

Each mechanical reaper freed _____ Union men to fight in the Civil War.

A

5

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18
Q

What were the two “events” under Industrial Revolution?

A

Agricultural Revolution

Textile factories

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19
Q

What were the three innovations in transportation that occurred in the early 1800s?

A

Canal
Locomotive
Telegraph

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20
Q

What did upheaval in Europe cause?

A

Immigration to America

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21
Q

What are the 4 themes of Education?

A
  3. Education for Social Adjustment
    4.
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22
Q

What university’s student handbook assumed a religious lifestyle?

A

Clemson

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23
Q

What were some education opportunities for the poor?

A

Churches (Sunday School)

Monitorial schools

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24
Q

Who is remembered as the Englishman who created Sunday School?

A

Robert Raikes

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25
Q

When was the first Sunday School in America started?

A

1785

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26
Q

What are two other names for the Sunday Schools?

A

Ragged Schools

University of the Common Man

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27
Q

What did Sunday School do?

A

Helped to tame the west

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28
Q

Who created the monitorial school?

A

Andrew Bell

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29
Q

What is a monitorial school?

A

A school in which kids (200+) gathered into a large auditorium; older kids were taught first, who in turn taught the rest of the kids

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30
Q

Who was the great purveyor who took the idea of monitorial schools to India?

A

Joseph Lancaster

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31
Q

What places made education available for adults in the early 1800s?

A

Lyceums

32
Q

Who spearheaded the Lyceum movement in 1826?

A

Josiah Holbrook

33
Q

According to class notes, what is the root cause of every human problem?

A

evolution

34
Q

What has been made the pseudo-scientific rationale for all kinds of influence?

A

evolution

35
Q

Evolution is not merely a biological theory, it is a _____.

A

worldview

36
Q

Who was the leading evolutionary spokesman when Morris’s book was written?

A

Dr. Stephen Jay Gould

37
Q

What is the idea that species form suddenly rather than gradually?

A

Punctuated Equilibrium

38
Q

What states that “the present is the key to the past”? (present causes have always acted at the same rate)

A

Uniformitarianism

39
Q

What is the religious system that has dominated American education?

A

Humanism

40
Q

Who coined the phrase “survival of the fittest”?

A

Herbert Spencer

41
Q

Who was the most influential social Darwinist?

A

William Graham Sumner

42
Q

_____ is described as an “over-ripe” fruit of the evolutionary tree.

A

Nazism

43
Q

Evolution undermines true theology and _____.

A

Christianity

44
Q

Who is generally considered to be the father of geological uniformitarianism?

A

Charles Lyell

45
Q

What is the logical and most inevitable end result of evolutionism?

A

Atheism

46
Q

Who is probably the most prolific writer in the whole world of science?

A

Dr. Isaac Asimov

47
Q

Who was the first director-general of UNESCO?

A

Sir Julian Huxley

48
Q

What principle views the planet Earth as an actual living organism?

A

Gaia principle

49
Q

What book (besides the Bible) has had a greater influence than any other?

A

The Origin of Species

50
Q

What man’s work forced Darwin to go to press with his theories in order to beat the competition?

A

Alfred Russel Wallace

51
Q

The most important theologians of the Church during the Middle Ages were Augustine and _____.

A

Thomas Aquinas

52
Q

Where did the practice of astrology apparently begin?

A

Sumeria

53
Q

What two beliefs do all known tribes, past and present, share in common?

A

Higher Power

Immortality

54
Q

What is the chief opponent of the saving gospel of Christ?

A

Evolutionism

55
Q

What journal was created by the American lyceum movement (for whom William Maclure wrote articles)?

A

American Journal of Education

56
Q

T or F: Without government interference, education was in a bad place in America.

A

false

57
Q

According to Pierre du Pont, fewer thatn _____ in _____ could not read or do numbers in the early 1800s.

A

4 in 1000

58
Q

What percent of American adults were considered literate in the early 1800s?

A

90

59
Q

What report conducted in 1819 showed how successful education had become without any kind of government system?

A

Bullfinch Report

60
Q

Where was the Bullfinch report conducted to determine the status of common education in that state?

A

Massachusetts

61
Q

According to the Bullfinch Report, the percent of school age kids that were in school in Boston was _____.

A

96%

62
Q

What were the key players (broad) in the coming of government education in America?

A

Unitarianism, “humanitarian” reformers, Massachusetts, Prussian model of education

63
Q

What is the belief that there is one God but no Trinity? It states that the universe runs according to natural laws and denies the deity of Christ.

A

Unitarianism

64
Q

What is “the halfway house to atheism”?

A

Unitarianism

65
Q

Unitarianism believed that man’s nature is perfectible through _____.

A

Education

66
Q

One of the most important intellectual events in American history from an educational standpoint occurred in 1805 when…

A

…Harvard selected a Unitarian president.

67
Q

Who were the “humanitarian” reformers involved in the coming of government education in America?

A

Ralph Waldo Emerson
Robert Owen
Orestes Brownson
Frances Wright

68
Q

Who bagan his preaching career as a Unitarian and drifted in Transcendentalism? Argued that truth is found within oneself and that one can trust his own reason.

A

Ralph Waldo Emerson

69
Q

Who is the Father of Modern Utopian Socialism?

A

Robert Owen

70
Q

What did Robert Owen call the “twin sins of the West”?

A

Capitalism

Religion

71
Q

What are the two failed socialist experiments of Robert Owen (places)?

A

New Lanark, Scotland

New Harmony, Indiana

72
Q

Who worked side-by-side with Robert Owen and lived at New Harmony, but eventually had a falling out with Owen?

A

Orestes Brownson

73
Q

What did Robert Owen’s followers call themselves?

A

Friends of Education

74
Q

What man wrote articles for the AJE and lived at New Harmony?

A

William Maclure

75
Q

What are some common themes promoted by Robert Owen’s followers?

A

Compulsory Education
Government-sponsored “free” schools
Teacher training schools

ED 541 History of American Education (4 decks)

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