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ED 541 History of American Education > Midterm (2022) > Flashcards

Midterm (2022) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Banking Education?

A

Based on a mechanistic, static, naturalistic, spatialize view of consciousness, it transforms students into receiving objects. It attempts to control thinking and actions, leads women and men to adjust to the world, and inhibits their creative power

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2
Q

What is Problem-Posing Education?

A

Through dialogue, the teacher-of-the-students and the students-of-the-teacher cease to exist and the new term emerges: teacher-students with student-teachers

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3
Q

According to a 2015 study, how much of state and local spending is dedicated to education in America?

A

27% (almost 1/3)

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4
Q

What report suggested that “if an unfriendly foreign power had attempted to impose on America the mediocre educational performance that exists today” it would be considered an act of war?

A

A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Education Reform (1983)

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5
Q

List some of the education reforms of the past that failed to improve public education in America.

A 
Goals 2000
No Child Left Behind
Upward Bound
Race to the Top
Common Core
Every Child Achieves Act
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6
Q

What are the three types of risks of putting children into public schools?

A

Academically
Physically
Morally

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7
Q

What percentage of students in American public schools are enrolled in special ed classes?

A

14%

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8
Q

In public schools, how much of the school day is dedicated to core academic subjects like English, History, and Math?

A

41%

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9
Q

If only 41% of the school day in public schools is spent on core academic subjects, what is the other 59% spent on?

A 
Sex Ed
AIDS Ed
Family Life
Multiculturalism
Values Clarification
Counseling
Radical Environmentalism
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10
Q

What are some of the physical risks that children in public schools might encounter?

A 
Robbery
Foul language
Disruptive behavior
Vandalism
Drug market
Suicides
Pregnancies
Abortions
School shootings
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11
Q

What are some of the moral risks that children in public schools might encounter?

A 
Death education
Sex education
LGBTQ
School-based clinics
Widespread "values clarification"
Drug education
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12
Q

List the major court cases concerning education in America and explain what they accomplished.

A

👨🏻‍⚖️Engel v. Vitele (1962) - Supreme Court outlaws official school prayers
👨🏻‍⚖️Abington v. Schempp (1963) - Bible removed from schools
👨🏻‍⚖️Stone v. Graham (1980) - 10 Commandments removed from schools

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13
Q

What percentage of children raised in Christian homes denounce Christianity in their 1st year of college?

A

75%

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14
Q

What are the 5 steps we can take concerning corruption in public education?

A 
Purify yourself
Pray for our land
Participate
Persuade others
Purpose to live righteously no matter what
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15
Q

Why must we study history?

A

Learn from the Past
Learn to Appreciate God’s Providence
Learn to Set Our Hope in God

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16
Q

T/F: Webster defined education as “The bringing up, as of a child, instruction; formation of manners.”

A

True

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17
Q

What were the factors that affected colonial culture?

A

Physical environment
Racial interaction
Sectional differences

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18
Q

T/F: The Chesapeake and Deep South was characterized by their two-crop agricultural system, growing both wheat and corn.

A

False. One-crop agricultural system growing exclusively tabacco.

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19
Q

Who introduced tabacco to the south?

A

John Rolfe

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20
Q

What was the central focus for social interaction and communication in the south in the 1600s?

A

The church

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21
Q

T/F: The south in the 1600s can be described as an agrarian one crop society made up of landed aristocrats and small, independently self-sufficient farmers in a very spread out land primarily along waterways.

A

True

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22
Q

Who founded Pennsylvania in 1682?

A

William Penn

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23
Q

What was the largest city in the colonies?

A

Philadelphia

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24
Q

What colony had the deepest natural harbor on the east coast?

A

New Netherland (New York)

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25
Q

T/F: The Middle colonies in the 1600s can be described as non-diverse, very religiously strict, and showed the beginnings of the fishing industry.

A

False: A diverse culture made of several European cultures showing religious toleration and the beginnings of trade as well as farming.

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26
Q

Describe commerce of New England in the 1600s.

A

Lumber/Trees

Fishing Banks

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27
Q

What kind of local government did New England have?

A

Townships

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28
Q

What is the patroon system?

A

When a wealthy person finds 50 families to come to America in exchange for land (only 5 of these were ever set up)

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29
Q

What was the driving force of the church in New England? (dominant religion)

A

Puritanism

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30
Q

Why did the seperatists leave Holland?

A

For their kids (growing up and marrying the Dutch, loosing them from their religion)

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31
Q

When was Plymouth plantation founded?

A

1620

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32
Q

When was the Massachusetts Bay Colony founded?

A

1630 (founded by Puritans)

33
Q

What are the 4 statues on the Monument to the Forefathers?

A

Morality
Law
Liberty
Education

34
Q

T/F: New England in the 1600s can be described as much more homogenous than other regions; God and His Word were the centerpieces of this culture.

A

True

35
Q

What was the center of life in the New England colonies?

A

Family

36
Q

What were the people of New England afraid of?

A

The wilderness

37
Q

How was education viewed in the south?

A

A private matter of the family

38
Q

Describe the different types of education in the South.

A

👩🏼‍🏫Tutorial system - boys only, equivalent of middle/high school (or elementary and JH?)
👩🏼‍🏫Apprenticeship
👩🏼‍🏫Charity schools

39
Q

What was the first post-secondary education in the south?

A

The College of William and Mary (1963)

40
Q

What were the barriers to the mid-Atlantic education system in the middle colonies?

A

Ethnic (several nationalities)
Religious (many religions)
Demographic (rather sparse)
Socio-poloitical (great variety)

41
Q

What was the mission that taught Indians and Blacks to read?

A

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts

42
Q

How was education viewed in the Middle Colonies?

A

Responsibility of the church

43
Q

Describe Quaker schools.

A

Practical and Religious

Both Boys and Girls

44
Q

Descibe the different types of education in the Middle Colonies.

A

👩🏼‍🏫Quaker schools (Pennsylvania)

👩🏼‍🏫Dutch reform schools (New Netherland)

45
Q

How was education viewed in New England?

A

Government involved in education

46
Q

Describe the different types of education in New England.

A

👩🏼‍🏫Dame Schools (Primary, informal/in home of widow)
👩🏼‍🏫Reading and writing schools (Primary, formal)
👩🏼‍🏫Latin grammar schools (Secondary)

47
Q

What was the first education law in colonies?

A

Massachussetts Act of 1642 - called on parents to be responsible to teach children civil emphasis, religious emphasis and literary emphasis

48
Q

What act called on towns of 50 households to hire a teacher to teach children; 100 or more to start a Latin Grammar school?

A

Massachussetts Act of 1647 (“Old Deluder Satan Act”)

49
Q

What was the first college established in New England?

A

Harvard College (1636)

50
Q

What missionary learned the Algonquin language/made a dictionary to reach the Wampanoag people?

A

John Eliot

51
Q

What is the theme of the 1600s?

A

Education for Salvation

52
Q

Copernicus believed that the planets orbited what?

A

the sun

53
Q

Did Galileo believe that the earth was the center of the universe?

A

No

54
Q

Who is responsible for the Universal Law of Gravity?

A

Newton

55
Q

What type of learning was before the enlightenment and required some amount of faith?

A

Faculty learning

56
Q

Who were the traditional Enlightenment thinkers?

A

Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
John Locke

57
Q

Who were the non-traditional Enlightenment thinkers?

A

Voltair
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Johanne Heinrich Pestalozzi

58
Q

What is Rene Descartes remembered for?

A

Deductive Reasoning
Father of Modern Philosophy
Reason-based thinking

59
Q

What is Francis Bacon remembered for?

A

Inductive Reasoning
Realist
Observational Thinking

60
Q

What is John Locke remembered for?

A

Empiricism
Blank Tablet theory
Experience-based thinking

61
Q

What is Voltaire remembered for?

A

Father of French Enlightenment
Was passionately against Christianity
Chance, not God, rules the universe

62
Q

What is Jean Jacque Rousseau remembered for?

A

“Noble Savage” (man=good, society brings evil)
Self-centered
Father of French Romanticism

63
Q

What is Johanne Heinrich Pestalozzi remembered for?

A

Yverdon (school in Switzerland)
Follower of Rousseau
Promoter of learning readiness
Experience is the basis of epistemology

64
Q

What aspects of education did Pestalozzi downplay?

A

Verbalization
Memorization
Reading
Discipline

65
Q

What was the American response to the Enlightenment in Europe?

A
  • improved pamphlets/newspapers
  • Thomas Paine wrote “Common Sense”; believed you could only know God through science
  • Benjamin Franklin; Junto; American Philosophical Society for Promotion of Useful Knowledge
66
Q

What did Benjamin Franklin believe about education?

A

Should be useful and ornamental

67
Q

What was the spiritual revival in America in the 1700s?

A

The Great Awakening

68
Q

What preacher is known for preaching Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, was the president of Princeton, and is known as the “greatest theological product this nation has produced”?

A

Edwards

69
Q

What preacher crossed the Atlantic 13 times?

A

Whitefield

70
Q

What were some results of the Great Awakening?

A 
Spiritual Results
Educational Results
     -New schools established
     -Princeton University
Religious Freedom
Political Freedom
71
Q

What did the Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge propose?

A
  1. Tax supported elementary schools w/ 3 yrs free education for white boys and girls,
  2. 20 state grammar schools, 9 yrs free education for talented poor kids
  3. 10 scholarship boys to be sent to state university
72
Q

What were the Northwest Ordinances?

A
  • Land Ordinance of 1785: rectangular survey; survey of the land
  • Land Ordinance of 1787: set aside 16th section of each section of land

Bonus: 1780 Massachusetts enacted a comprehensive state school law

73
Q

What did William Maclure try to prove?

A

that the earth is older than 10,000yrs

74
Q

What is Noah Webster remembered for?

A

“Father of American Education”
1783 Blue Backed Speller
1828 Webster Dictionary

75
Q

What are William and Alex McGuffey remembered for?

A

“America’s Schoolmaster” (William)
Primer, plus 6 readers
122 million copies; 1/2 of American children learned from them

76
Q

What is the theme of the 1700s?

A

Education for Citizenship

77
Q

[Review Academy/Latin Grammar School Compare/Contrast in notes]

A

:)

78
Q

What journalist is responsable for developing the 1619 project that aims to “reframe the country’s history by placing the consequences of slavery and the contributions of Black Americans at the very center of the United States’ national narrative”?

A

Nikole Hannah-Jones

ED 541 History of American Education (4 decks)

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