Okulistyka

Question 1

Retina layers

Answer 1

1. Retinal pigment epithelium
2. Photoreceptor layer of rods and cones
3. External limiting membrane
4. Outer nuclear layer of photoreceptor cell nuclei
5. Outer plexiform layer -> connections of the photoreceptors with bipolar and horizontal cells
6. Inner nuclear layer of bipolar, amacrine and horizontal cell bodies
7. Inner plexiform layer-> connections of amacrine and bipolar cells with ganglion cells
8. Ganglion cell layer
9. Nerve fiber layer -> ganglion cell axons passing to the optic nerve
10. Internal limiting membrane

Question 2

Bones forming an orbit

Answer 2

1. Frontal
2. Sphenoid bone (lesser, greater wing and body)
3. Zygomatic bone
4. Maxilla (orbital surface)
5. Lacrimal bone
6. Ethmoid bone
7. Palatine bone (Orbital process)

Question 3

Superior orbital fissure vessels and nerves

Answer 3

Lateral portion:

1. Superior ophthalmic vein
2. Branches of V1 nerve: Lacrimal and Frontal nerves
3. Trochlear nerve

Median portion (through the annulus of Zinn)

1. Superior and inferior divisions of Oculomotor nerve (III)
2. Nasociliary nerve (branch of V1)
3. Abducens nerve (VI)

Question 4

Layers of cornea

Answer 4

1. Pavement epithelium (5-6 layers)
2. Bowman’s layer
3. Stroma (90% of corneal thickness)
4. Descemet’s membrane
5. Endothelium (1 layer)

Question 5

funtion of oblique muscles

Answer 5

1. Superior oblique muscle -> internal rotation (intorsion) + adduction + depression
2. Inferior oblique muscle -> extorsion (external rotation), elevation and abduction of the eye