Oils

Question 1

WHAT DO LONGER CHAINS MEAN?

Answer 1

1. Less ability to flow
2. Less flammable
3. Less volatile
4. Higher b.p

Question 2

WHAT IS CRUDE OIL?

Answer 2

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 3

WHAT IS FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

Answer 3

Crude oil can be separated by this
The oil is evaporated and the vapour rises up the column
The hydrocarbon chains of different lengths condense and diff temperatures

Question 4

ALKANES?

Answer 4

saturated hydrocarbons
Single bonds
Unreactive
CnH2n+2

Question 5

ALKENES?

Answer 5

double covalent bonds
Means they can join with other molecules making them reactive
Turn colourless in bromine water
CnH2n

Question 6

WHAT 2 PRODUCTS DOES HYDROGEN IN OXYGEN PRODUCE?

Answer 6

Hydrogen+carbon—–>co2+h20

Question 7

WHAT IS PRODUCED WHEN WE BURN FOSSIL FUELS

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide

Question 8

WHEN FOSSIL FUELS ARE BURNT..

Answer 8

Sulphur dioxide is produced
Because they contain sulphur impurities that react with the oxygen
Causing acid rain
Prevented by removing it (neutralising it with an alkai before entering the atmosphere

Question 9

NITROGEN OXIDES?

Answer 9

Form in car engines-high temps
Causing nitrogen and oxygen to react
Causes acid rain

Question 10

CARBON PARTICLES ARE PRODUCED BY+CAUSE?

Answer 10

Produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

Block out sunlight-global dimming

Question 11

CARBON MONOXIDE

Answer 11

Formed by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons(fossil fuels)
Occurs when not enough oxygen
Toxic to living things

Question 12

WHAT IS CRACKING

Answer 12

Heating hydrocarbon vapour over a hot catalyst

Produces CO2

Question 13

WHAT IS CRACKING USED TO PRODUCE?

Answer 13

Plastics like polymers

Waste products from the reaction are Co2, SO2 and water vapour

Question 14

3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS WITH CRACKING?

Answer 14

CO2 causes greenhouse effect
Sulphur dioxide causes acid rain
Plastics are not biodegradable

Question 15

2 METHODS OF EXTRACTING PLANT OILS?

Answer 15

Crushing/pressing

Steam distillation

Question 16

STEAM DISTILLATION PROBLEMS

Answer 16

Expensive

Uses heat and can create pollution

Question 17

STAGES OF DISTILLATION

Answer 17

1. water turns into steam and causes oil in plant to evaporate
2. the oils vapour rises up
3. enters condenser and condenses back into a liquid

Question 18

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN PLANTA PHOTOSYNTHESISE?

Answer 18

Produce glucose and veg oils

Question 19

HYDROGENATION

Answer 19

Remove the double bonds to harden which increases melting point

Question 20

WHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS KF HYDROGENATION

Answer 20

Hydrogen gas is added at 60degrees C with a nickel catalyst

Hydrogen adds to the double bonds removing them

Question 21

2 PARTS OF AN EMULSIFIER

Answer 21

Hydrophilic end (head)- attracted to water 
Hydroponic end (tail)- attracted to oil 
Surround fat droplets prevent them from joining together

Question 22

What is Nickel catalyst at 60 degrees

Answer 22

Hardening

Question 23

How do we separate gases in the air?

Answer 23

Fractional distillation