Oil and Gas - Downstream Flashcards
What can liquid petroleum gases (LPG) be used for?
Cooking and heating for residential or industrial purposes
What can naphtha be used for?
Feedstock for gasoline
Plastics
Naphtha-type jet fuel
What can kerosene be used for?
Domestic heating
Kerosene-type jet fuel
What can heavy fuel oil be used for?
Used in power plants and industrial factories
What can diesel be used for?
A type of motor fuel
Almost all Singapore buses use diesel
What does a distillation column do?
It separates crude oil into..
- LPG
- Gasoline
- naphtha
- kerosene
- diesel
- heavy fuel oil
What does a steam cracker do?
It separates naphtha into…
- Ethylene
- Propylene
- Butane
- Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)
What is ethylene used for?
Building block for polyethylene, which can be used to make plastic products
What is propylene used for?
Building block for polypropylene, which can be used to make packaging films, like clingwrap
What is butane used for?
It is a refrigerant
What is MTBE used for?
Octane boosters that make the combustion engine run more efficiently.
What are aromatics?
Hydrocarbons with a benzene ring
Benzene, toluene, xylenes
What is benzene used for?
Feedstock for styrofoam, aspirin and rubber products
What is toluene used for?
Feedstock for octane boosters and glue
What is para-xylene used for?
Ingredient used in x-ray films
What is ortho-xylene used for?
Ingredient used for dyes and intesticides
How are aromatics produced?
The catalytic reforming of naphtha
What are polyolefins?
Polymers derived from olefins
What are olefins?
Olefins are basically alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
The smallest alkene is ethene/ethylene.
How do octane boosters improve engine performance?
They allow the fuel to reach complete combustion, reducing engine mis-fires.
What is wet gas?
Natural gas that contains water
What is a very common contaminant that must be removed from both natural gas and oil?
Sulfur
