OIAN Flashcards
Deltoid
O: Anterior – lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Middle – acromion
Posterior – spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity
A: shoulder abduction (after first 15%)
Anterior – flexion
Posterior – extension
N: axillary n (C5, C6)
B: posterior circumflex humeral artery
Teres major
O: inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of intertubercular groove
A: extension, internal rotation, adduction (assists latissimus dorsi)
N: lower subscapular n. (C5, C6)
B: subscapular a., Infrascapular a.
Rotator cuff
Supraspinatus
O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus
(superior facet)
A: first 15° of shoulder abduction
N: suprascapular nerve
B: suprascapular artery
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)
A: external rotation
N: suprascapular nerve
B: suprascapular artery
Teres minor
O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior facet)
A: external rotation
N: axillary nerve
B: multiple, axillary a.
Subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: internal rotation
N: upper and lower subscapular nn.
B: multiple, axillary a.
Trapezius
O: External occipital protuberance, Nuchal line, Spinous processes of C7-T12
Upper trap –
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle
A: acromion: elevates, upward rotates
neck: extends, lateral flexion, rotates
Middle trap –
I: acromion, spine
A: retracts scapula
Lower trap –
I: medial scapular spine
A: retract, depresses scapula
N: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and C3, C4 ventral rami (proprioception)
The accessory nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury as it passes across the posterior triangle of the neck between the SCM and trap.
Latissimus dorsi
O: T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia
I: floor of bicipital groove
A: extension, adduction, internal rotation
N: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
B: Thoracodorsal artery
Axillary a. → subscapular a. → thoracodorsal a.
“Lady between 2 majors”
Levator scapulae
O: Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
I: Superior angle of scapula
A: Elevates, downward rotates scapula
N: Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3, C4) spinal nerves
Rhomboids
O: C6-T4
I: Medial border of scapula
A: retracts, downward rotation of scapula
N: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Pectoralis major
O: clavicle (medial half), sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, EO aponeurosis
I: humerus (lateral lip of intertubercular groove)
A: adduction, internal rotation, flexion, extension; inspiration (when shoulder is fixed)
N: medial & lateral pectoral nn. (C5-T1)
Pectoralis minor
O: ribs 3-5
I: coracoid process of scapula
A: depress, protract scapula, inspiration (with fixed scapula)
N: medial pectoral nn. (C8-T1)
Subclavius
O: rib 1
I: inferior surface of clavicle
A: supports clavicle, SC joint, Protects subclavian vessels and brachial plexus when clavicle is fractured
N: N. to subclavius
Serratus anterior
O: ribs 1-8
I: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
A: protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall; rotates glenoid cavity superiorly
N: long thoracic n. (C5-C7)
Brachialis
O: humeral shaft (distal half)
I: ulnar tuberosity
A: elbow flexion
N: musculocutaneous n (C5, C6)
Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid process
I: humeral shaft (mid 1/3)
A: flexion and adduction of shoulder
N: musculocutaneous n (C5-C7)
Triceps brachii
O: long head - infraglenoid tubercle
lateral and medial head - humeral shaft
I: olecranon
A: elbow and shoulder extension
N: radial n (C6-C8)
Anconeus
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: olecranon and posterior surface of ulna
A: assists with elbow extension, elbow stabilization
N: radial n (C7-T1)
Flexor carpi radialis
O: medial epicondyle
I: base of 2 & 3 metacarpals
A: wrist flexion and abduction
N: median n
Palmaris longus
O: medial epicondyle
I: palmar aponeurosis
A: wrist flexion
N: median n
Flexor carpi ulnaris
O: medial epicondyle
I: pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
A: wrist flexion and adduction
N: ulnar n
Pronator teres
O: medial epicondyle, coronoid process
I: lateral radial shaft
A: pronation, some elbow flexion
N: median n
Flexor digitorum superficialis
O: humerus medial epicondyle, olecranon, radial shaft
I: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: wrist, MP, and PIP flexion of digits 2-5
N: median n
Flexor pollicis longus
O: radial shaft and interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanx of thumb
A: wrist, MP, and IP flexion of thumb
N: median n
Flexor digitorum profundus
O: ulnar shaft, interosseous membrane
I: distal phalanges of digits 2-5
A: DIP flexion of digits 2-5
N: median and ulnar nn.
Pronator quadratus
O: distal ulna
I: distal radius
A: pronation
N: median n
Abductor pollicis brevis
O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: thumb abduction
N: recurrent branch of median nerve
Opponens pollicis
O: flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
I: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
A: thumb opposition
N: recurrent branch of median nerve
Flexor pollicis brevis
O: oblique head - base of 2 and 3 metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpal
transverse head - anterior surface of shaft of 3 metacarpal
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: thumb adduction
N: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Abductor digiti minimi
O: pisiform
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
A: abducts 5th finger, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx
N: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Flexor digiti minimi
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
A: flexes proximal phalanx of 5th finger
N: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Opponens digiti minimi
O: hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: medial border of 5th metacarpal
A: draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, 5th finger thumb opposition
N: deep branch of ulnar nerve
Lumbricals
O: FDP tendons
I: extensor expansions of digits 2-5
A: MCP flexion and IP extension of digits 2-5
N: median n (1-2) and ulnar nerve (3-4)
Palmar interossei
O: metacarpals 2, 4, 5
I: base of proximal phalanges 2, 4, 5
A: adduction, assists lumbricals
N: ulnar nerve
Dorsal interossei
O: sides of 2 metacarpals
I: base of proximal pahalanges 2, 3, 4
A: abduction, assists lumbricals
N: ulnar n
Brachioradialis
O: lateral supraepicondyle ridge of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: elbow flexion with forearm in neutral (thumb’s up) position
N: radial n.
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: lateral supraepicondyle ridge of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal
A: extension and abduction of hand at wrist joint
N: radial n.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: common extensor tendon
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: extension and abduction of hand at wrist joint
N: radial n.
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: lateral epicondyle
I: base of the 5th metacarpal
A: extension and adduction of hand at wrist joint
N: deep radial nerve
Supinator
O: posterior ulna
I: anterior radius
A: supination
N: deep radial n.
Abductor pollicis longus
O: dorsal surface of radius and ulna
I: base of 1st metacarpal
A: abduction of thumb
N: deep radial n.
Extensor pollicis longus
O: dorsal surface of radius
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: extension of IP joint of thumb
N: deep radial n.
Extensor pollicis brevis
O: dorsal surface of radius
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: MCP extension of thumb
N: deep radial n.
Extensor indicis
O: dorsal surface of radius
I: extensor expansion of index finger
A: extension of 2nd digit
N: deep radial n.
Biceps brachii
O: short head - coracoid process of scapula
long head - supraglenoid tubercle
I: radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
A: forearm supination, elbow and shoulder flexion
N: musculocutaneous n.
Adductor pollicis
O: oblique head - base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
transverse head - shaft of 3rd metacarpal
I: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: adduction of thumb
N: ulnar n.
Extensor digitorum
O: lateral epicondyle
I: extensor expansions of digits 2-5
A: extension of digits 2-5 (primarily at MP joints, secondarily at IP joints)
N: deep radial n.
Extensor digiti minimi
O: lateral epicondyle
I: extensor expansions of digit 5
A: extension of digit 5 (primarily at MP joint, secondarily at IP joint)
N: deep radial n.
Adductor pollicis
O: oblique head - bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals
transverse head - anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
I: medial side of proximal phalanx of thumb
A: adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
N: deep branch of ulnar n. (C8, T1)
