3.7

Question 1

Joints of the hand

Answer 1

Distal radioulnar:
- sup/pro

Radiocarpal:
- flex/ext, add/abd
- ellipsoid

Intercarpal:
- planar joint with small movements that augment wrist joint

CMC 2-5:
- planar joint with small to no movement

CMC 1:
- flex/ext, add/abd, some axial rotation
- saddle joint between trapezium and metacarpal

MCP:
- flex/ext, add/abd
- ellipsoid

IP:
- flex/ext
- hinge

Question 2

What do the IC and CMC 2-5 have in common?

Answer 2

The IC and CMC 2-5 share a common articular cavity.

This is important clinically with regard to the spread of infection and examination of these joints by means of arthroscopy.

Question 3

Hand ligaments

Answer 3

Collateral
Palmar
Dorsal

Question 4

Collateral ligaments

Answer 4

Collateral ligaments provide lateral stability

In the hand:
- distal interphalangeal
- proximal interphalangeal
- metacarpophalangeal

In the wrist:
- radial carpal
- ulnar carpal

Question 5

Palmar ligaments

Answer 5

Palmar ligaments provide palmar stability

Have dorsal equivalents:
- palmar metacarpal
- palmar carpometacarpal
- palmar intercarpal
- palmar radioulnar

unique to dorsal:
- deep transverse metacarpal
- palmar radiocarpal and ulnocarpal

Question 6

Dorsal ligaments

Answer 6

Dorsal ligaments provide dorsal stability
- dorsal metacarpal
- dorsal carpometacarpal
- dorsal intercarpal
- dorsal radioulnar

Question 7

Hand osteology

Answer 7

Annular and cruciform ligaments prevent bowstringing of tendons during flexion.

Trigger finger
- condition in which narrowing of fibrous digital sheaths (usually at most proximal pulley) cause “catching” of tendon

Question 8

Flexor surface

Answer 8

Common flexor sheath is deep to the flexor retinaculum, containing
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus

Question 9

Extensor surface

Answer 9

Extensor retinaculum holds tendons in place.
Tendons are covered with synovial tendon sheaths.