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Officer Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Chief’s 9 Principles of Officer Safety

A

Maneuver
Security
Simplicity
Distance
Offense
Mass
Barrier
Cover
Retreat

I use the acronym MSSDOMBCR to remember this

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2
Q

Police are authorized to use ___ force according to Graham v Connor

Does this mean you have to use the minimum amount of force required?

A

Reasonable

No

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3
Q

The ___ a fight goes, the greater the odds of injury to you and/or suspect

A

Longer

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4
Q

Traffic stop - A driver stops his vehicle in an unusual/unsafe place. What do?

A

Have them move (Do over PA)

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5
Q

After a pursuit, don’t __ to their vehicle

A

rush

(call them out from behind the cover of your patrol car)

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6
Q

You have reasonable suspicion a person is involved in a crime but don’t have PC for an arrest yet

Can you detain them during your investigation?

Can you use force to detain them?

What if they are trying to walk away?

Can you handcuff them?

What is a good option?

A

Yes (Terry v Ohio)

Yes (US v Dotson)

Can physically stop them (Gallegos v City of Colorado Springs)

Yes (must be able to articulate why necessary. Also, you can’t search them incident to arrest yet because they are just being detained, not arrested)

Detain them in the back of your patrol car (note: If you do this and start interrogating them, since they likely won’t feel free to leave at that point, you will need to Mirandize them before asking them incriminating questions)

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7
Q

You are going to search a person or vehicle. What should you do prior?

A

Put on gloves

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8
Q

You watch another officer search a suspect. You are doing the transport. Do you need to search the suspect again?

A

Yes

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9
Q

A car you stopped has tinted windows.

What do?
How?

A

Order them to roll the windows down
Over the PA

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10
Q

If there’s more than one person in the car, and you plan on getting them out, do what?

A

Wait for a backing officer

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11
Q

If they don’t have their ID, do what?

A

Ask them their SSN, age (see if it matches), spelling of their name

They should instantly know all these things, or else they are likely lying

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12
Q

Handcuffing: If you give orders (turn around, hands behind back) and observe signs that the offender is not going to be cooperative, do what?

A

Create distance
Call for additional units
Do a more intrusive form of handcuffing (knees or prone)

(From Moore PD’s handcuffing PowerPoint)

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13
Q

You are the secondary officer on the scene. What is your job?

Should you be talking to suspects/witnessses?

A

Cover/safety officer

No (and if you have to, don’t talk about the incident/call)

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14
Q

If you suspect the driver or passengers of criminal activity (DUS, warrants, possession, DUI) do what?

Should you tell them they have a warrant before having them step out?

A

Get them out of the vehicle (wait for backup if necessary)

No (but sometimes you might have to, remember 5 steps for Voluntary Compliance)

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15
Q

When talking to a driver, passengers, or anyone, what should you maintain visibility of the entire time?

What if they don’t show hands?

What if they already have a weapon in their hands?

A

hands

Draw your firearm

Tell them not to move (then one option is to conduct like felony stop / prone)

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16
Q

You are going to arrest a compliant individual. Do you need a backing officer?

A

Yes

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17
Q

You arrive on scene and anticipate an armed (ie firearm) encounter. What should you do?

A

Get out patrol rifle

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18
Q

What do you need to do before transporting a prisoner?

A

Search backseat (and them if you were not the one that did the search)

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19
Q

Should you advise Dispatch of a traffic stop prior to activating your lights?

Driver’s side or passenger side approach?

A

Yes

Passenger

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20
Q

You need to ___ during a use of force

A

Verbalize (stop resisting)

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21
Q

You give a suspect a command three times. What should you do next?

A

Change what you are doing or saying

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22
Q

Should you believe people when they say they don’t know their SSN?

A

No (they are likely lying about who they really are)

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23
Q

Armed individual inside a house. Don’t __

A

DONT RUSH IN (unless you have to because others’ lives are in danger)

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24
Q

Once you have someone out of the car, should you allow them back inside?

A

No (unless releasing them from scene)

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25
Is it ok to stand in front of a car with a suspect inside? Standing in a position that forces deadly force (ie standing in front of a car) is or is not acceptable?
No is NOT (Quezada v County of Bernalilo - 10th cir)
26
1. High risk stop procedure (recite) 2. Most important things to remember during high risk stop?
Give commands from COVER (best behind my car) Lower windows Remove keys and drop outside Open door form outside handle Step out Lift shirt + turn Walk backwards towards me Lie down with hands out, palms up Repeat until all occupants out 2. Get mass between you and suspect vehicle! Call them back!
27
If a driver (suspect) has their car is in Drive, should you attempt a vehicle extraction?
No, if the car is in drive you should not be anywhere near it
28
If you ask to see hands and you can’t see them or they are not presented so what?
Deadly force coverage (with your firearm)
29
Non-complaint individual. What do? Give them a countdown?
Two techniques can be used depending on the situation: 1. Use the 5 Steps for Voluntary Compliance 2. Ask, tell, make Give countdown? No
30
If they get out of the car, ___ Then exiting the car should be ___
Keep them out a red flag
31
If you know weapons are involved (from a call etc), what type of traffic stop should you do?
High risk
32
Responding to a call with subject with a knife. What is key? Treat the subject like what? If you give several commands and they are still coming at you with a knife, ___
DISTANCE! DISTANCE! DISTANCE! High risk stop (see hands, on ground, arms out, don't move) stop the threat
33
If dispatch says they may have a warrant can you handcuff them before confirmation? (Like the suspect is trying to walk away or indicating they may resist)
Yes, can detain BUT do not search incident to arrest until the warrant is confirmed (Also, handcuffs should go on quick if you know they have a warrant)
34
Once you have them out of the car, __
shut their door
35
Need to practice drawing weapon while __
moving
36
Keep uninvolved individuals __ from your stop/arrest (ie their boyfriend shows up on scene)
away
37
What is your mission during an active shooter?
Stop the killing FIRST, then provide medical aid once scene is safe
38
Name some clues to look for that can be indicators of criminal activity
Smoking cigarette (calming themselves, last cigeratte before jail) On their phone (telling friends they're going to jail, where the car is, where they are etc) Immediately pulling into a residence/gas station (so they don't give you extra time to find a traffic/equipment violation while they are on public roadway. Also you can't detain them if they start to walk away unless you already have RS) Pacing (calming) I've got to pee (trying to get you to rush your investigation, or they have drugs on them they want to dump) This isn't my car (deflecting, hoping they won't get charged for what's in it) Challenging the reason for the stop (trying to deflect/distract you, make you hesitate) Using the 'race card' (trying to deflect/distract you, make you hesitate)
39
You are contacting a possibly armed subject in a doorway/porch/hallway. Instead of placing yourself in a disadvantageous position, you can ___
ask for hands then CALL THEM TO YOU
40
Individual has a knife. Get out your taser or gun?
GUN Once other officers arrive they can be less lethal
41
Someone is threateningly approaching you (ie with a weapon/knife). Which way to move?
Lateral or diagonal movement best (Dropping straight back is not optimal, you will be slower, may trip, etc) Also, if they keep coming at you, end the threat
42
Someone is bleeding severely. Take the time to put on PPE before rendering aid?
Yes
43
Tourniquet - where to put? How many turns? If you don’t think a tourniquet is needed, don’t forget __ works very well
High and tight (field expedient. Textbook is 2-3” above) Until bleeding stops (should be tight enough initially that should only take 1-2 turns) Direct pressure
44
You are going to get someone out of a car. Do you open door? Where to stand?
No, have them open door Step out and back 1. Not in vehicle arc (in space between opened door and car) 2. Far enough to the side so door wouldn’t hit if it car backward or forward
45
There's a crowd / fight between multiple people. Should you run in by yourself?
No
46
Gun fight around a car. The individual who is more __ wins
mobile
47
You are approaching an individual with the intention of going hands on. Should you be holding your firearm?
No (there are many cases of Officers being disarmed then killed with their own weapon because they have it out within arm's reach of the suspect) Note - I would also advocate not having your Taser out within arms reach anyway. Recently
48
Treat a fleeing suspect like what? (once you catch up to them)
High risk / felony stop (get them on the ground, arms out)
49
Don’t __ __ to cover
suck up
50
While waiting for ERT to respond, patrol should Form a __ __ in case suspects takes action (ie deadly threat, surrenders, attempts escape) __ civilians Establish __ Attempt to establish __ with subject
arrest/response team deadly, surrenders, escape evacuate perimeter communication
51
Building search. Unknown/known threats. You are going to enter an uncleared room. Do what?
Have your gun out
52
Just because someone simply has a weapon (does / does not) justify lethal force
does not (need to imminent threat, ie intend to use it on you/others)
53
Don't let the public __ with the an arrest. If they do, you __
interfere arrest them too
54
If he goes for your gun, can you use vascular neck restraint? What about air choke?
Yes Yes (deadly force is deadly force) Remember: Imminent danger may exist... if an individual is attempting to access a weapon and intends to use it against officers/others
55
If someone tries to run over an officer with a vehicle, than drives away, can deadly force be used?
No, not as they are driving away (threat to officer must be imminent) Cordova v Aragon 10th CIR 2009 - firing into a vehicle when the officer is not facing an "actual and imminent" threat or "not in immediate danger" at time of shooting was not reasonable
56
If they say they have a gun in their car
Tell them not to reach for it / take it out. Get them out of the car if you suspect them of criminal activity
57
Before rendering aid after an OIS, make sure individual is no longer a ___ After a shooting - priorities of work
threat get to cover wait for backup handcuff render aid
58
5 Steps to gain voluntary compliance
1. ASK them to do it (no more than 3x) 2. Explain WHY you are asking them to do it 3. Present OPTIONS (what they can gain or lose) 4. Confirm 5. Act
59
Get them out of the car ___ telling them they have a warrant While they are in the car, should you tell them you suspect them of criminal activity? (Drugs, DUI) Should you tell them why you are asking them out of the car? Is it more dangerous to leave someone in their car?
Before NO No (sometimes you might have to, 5 Steps for Voluntary Compliance) Yes (this is because most guns are IN the car and not on persons)
60
Someone slow rolls you. Does this warrant a felony stop?
No. Approach or call them out Can’t do a felony stop (ordering them on ground + handcuffing) unless you believe they are armed/dangerous
61
Domestics - Having RP _____ is one option
Step out to meet you
62
When an individual starts to resist then reaches and grabs a gun, at this point you can believe what?
His intention are to cause serious harm or death to you/other Officers
63
Should you do CCR/CPR on a trauma patient? (IE gunshot wound, stabbed, cut, blast injury)
No. Won't do anything but expedite blood loss
64
After getting driver out of car, before searching car, do what? Should you wait for back up before searching the driver?
Search driver Yes
65
With your duty pistols (that have lights equipped), can you do a contact shot?
Yes The most obvious advantage… is that the protruding light will prevent the weapon from being pushed out of battery if a contact shot is made
66
A car is still in drive. Should you reach in?
No (could get dragged) Only if in park, off, or pinned in with patrol cars
67
Hold to how cuffs How to prep cuffs
Single strand out, keyholes visible On last tooth, keyholes together. If on back - single strand out. If on front - single strand in
68
When searching, check what first?
Waistline. Then pockets
69
Possible suspect is walking around scene during a call and/or being uncooperative. What do?
1. CONTROL THE SCENE 2. Could detain suspect in a car (usually best option)
70
Which hand should you use to activate your radio mic?
Non-firing hand
71
Do you have a legal duty to prevent someone from harming themselves?
No
72
Priorities of Life
Hostages (held against will) Innocent by-standers Officer Suspect (the suspect created the situation)
73
We (Officers) do not jeopardize our safety when there is no ___ threat to ___
imminent citizens or other Officers
74
Suicidal man with weapon. What to do?
Remember TIME AND DISTANCE. Contain and negotiate behind cover End threat if takes threatening action (ie points at officers or endangers public)
75
Barricaded Suicidal person - Things to remember 1. Most important: __ and ___ 2. Avoid ____ ___ ___ 3. You do not want to bring risk to the person in crisis, unless that person is ____ 4. Do you have a legal duty to stop someone from harming themselves? 5. Try to use less-lethal?
1. time and distance (cover) 2. state created danger (making the situation worse) 3. bringing risk to other persons or police 4. No 5. No, high likelihood of ineffectiveness + making situation worse
76
You arrive on scene on an unresponsive person (that is not dead dead). What do?
Check CAB's - Circulation, Airway, Breathing Notes: If bleeding - stopping bleeding is priority For not breathing, check airway - do head tilt (or insert NPA if you have one available). Also chest seals if needed If no pulse (and NOT a trauma victim) - could start CPR/CCR
77
Someone's heart has stopped due to blood loss (ie from an lost limb, severe laceration, gunshot wound). Should you do CPR?
No Why? The #1 cause of TRAUAMA related death is from bleeding. If the patient is bleeding, you should be taking steps to stop the bleeding, not performing CPR. If the patient’s heart has stopped from blood loss, pushing on the chest (with no other interventions such as a blood transfusion) will not help. Note - Can do CPR for things like drowning, electrocution, hypothermia, or any atraumatic (non-injury, non-traumatic) arrest (like heart attack, heart failure)
78
Do you need to do rescue breaths with CPR?
No. There’s enough air exchange during chest compressions alone to sustain someone. "continuous chest compressions have been shown to not only triple the chances of survival but also provide better brain outcomes at a rate of 250%-300% over CPR with mouth-to-mouth ventilation" Note - if you do decide to do them, do a 30:2 ratio
79
What is one of the biggest indicators the driver/occupant of a vehicle traffic stop is may engaged in criminal activity?
Being on the phone (Last call before jail, telling owner of car it is about to get impounded, sending on their location so others come to the stop to vouch for them, recording to distract you or make you hesitate)
80
Do you have a legal obligation to stop someone from killing themselves?
No. Sometimes the best thing to do is nothing. Do your best to de-escalate / negotiate at a safe distance so you can get them into protective custody if possible. Do not induce a deadly force situation "When you’re confronting a suicidal subject “who isn’t committing a serious crime and isn’t an active threat to anyone other than themselves, the best response may be not to engage and to withdraw” ... it is often the most legally appropriate” as well as the safest response." "Generally speaking, the attorneys stress, you have no legal duty to keep a person from harming himself"
81
You apply OC to a suspect and it does not work the first time. Should you try again?
No. As a general rule, if it was applied correctly the first time but was ineffective, it won't work at all
82
Aggressive dog. Best way to deter?
OC spray (was actually originally issued to Postal mail carriers in the 1970s to use against dogs prior to LE use)
83
Traffic stop. You should be exiting your vehicle ___ Your marked unit is also known as a ___ ___
Quickly (before they exit theirs, allowing them to ambush you while you’re still inside your vehicle or run up on you) [Can do this by timing when you activate your lights, already having the stop called in prior, etc] Death trap
84
Most suspects will give up after ____ seconds Problem: Officers are usually ___ Problem: Officers ___ ___ ___ with the ground
100 too quick to handcuff share their weight (Solution - be heavy on top of the suspect via knee on belly, etc, to tire them out)
85
A good center of mass hit (with a bullet) may still take ___ seconds to take a determined attacker down
15
86
Max range of Taser Min range
25 feet (8.3 yards) [all Taser 7 cartridges] 4 feet (to get desired 12” min spread) Taser recert PowerPoint
87
How often do law enforcement uses of force go to the ground? How often does a suspect resist arrest and physical force or the threat of physical force is needed?
67% 1 in 5 arrests
88
Domestic. Should you go ahead and make contact if you are already 97 and your backup is far?
No. Don’t go into domestics without backup
89
Gun shot wound procedures: Chest Abdomen Junctional areas (neck, shoulder, groin) Limbs
Seal Seal (then direct pressure) Wound pack (with hemostatic dressing) Tourniquet
90
Procedure for unconscious person to aid breathing and/or help to drain fluid from nose/throat
Airway = recovery position

Moore PD (9 decks)

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