Offer and Acceptance Flashcards

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1
Q

3 elements of a contract

A

Agreement (offer & acceptance)
Intention to create legal relations
Consideration

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2
Q

Presumption that there is an intention to create legal relations in commercial agreements

A

Edwards v Skyways

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3
Q

Presumption that non-commercial agreements were not intended to create legal relations

A

Balfour v Balfour

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4
Q

Definition of ‘offer’ by Treitel

A
an expression of willingness;
to contract; 
on certain terms;
with the intention; 
that it shall become binding; 
as soon as it is accepted
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5
Q

Self-service display in shop is an invitation to treat

A

Pharmaceutical Society of GB v Boots

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6
Q

Goods on display are an invitation to treat

A

Fisher v Bell

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7
Q

Tenders are an invitation to treat, unless unilateral contract
(depends on wording of invitation)

A

Spencer v Harding

Harvela Investments

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8
Q

Advertisments are an invitation to treat; unless
offering reward; or
unilateral contract

A

Patridge v Crittenden;
Williams v Carwarding’
Carlill v Carbolic

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9
Q

Auctions with reserve price

A

Contract between seller and bidder once auctioneer completes sale (fall of hammer)
s.57 Sale of Goods Act 1979

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10
Q

Auctions without reserve price

A

Unilateral contract between auctioneer and bidder that auctioneer will accept highest bid.
Barry v Davies

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11
Q

Definition of Acceptance

A

‘an unqualified assent to the terms of an offer’

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12
Q

Acceptance must be communicated by offeree

A

Entores

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13
Q

Acceptance can be communicated by authorised agent

A

Powell v Lee

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14
Q

Acceptance need not be communicated if there is a unilateral contract

A

Carlill v Carbolic

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15
Q

Silence cannot constitute acceptance; unless

Offer binds themselves to contract by silence

A

Felthouse v Bindley;

Re Selectmove Ltd

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16
Q

Counter offer is implied rejection

A

Hyde v Wrench

17
Q

Questions about an offer are not deemed as rejecting it, may be acceptance

A

Stevenson Jacques

18
Q

Battle of the forms - ‘last shot wins’

A

Brogden v Metropolitan Railway Co;

Butler Machine v Ex-Cell-O

19
Q

Postal Rule Exemptions

A

Adams v Lindsell

20
Q

A letter of acceptance will become binding when posted if:

A
  • reasonable to use post as method of communication
  • properly posted
  • offeror did not exclude postal rule impliedly/expressly (Holwell v Hughes)
21
Q

If conditions for postal rule exemption are satisfied, the letter need not actually arrive to be valid

A

Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance v Grant

22
Q

General rule - An offer can be revoked at any time before acceptance

A

Routledge v Grant

23
Q

Exception to revocation rule

Offeree has given consideration to offerer to keep offer open

A

Mountford v Scott

24
Q

Exception to revocation rule

If unilateral contract and act of acceptance has begun

A

Errington v Errington & Woods

25
Q

Revocation must be communicated by offeror

A

Byrne v Van Tienhoven

26
Q

Revocation can be communicated by reliable third party

A

Dickinson v Dodds

27
Q

If revocation received but not read, and could be reasonably assumed that staff would be at work, it will be deemed to be communicated

A

The Brimnes

28
Q

If offer made to public, revocation can be made through same channel as offer, provided it has same prominence

A

Shuey v United States (US Law)

29
Q

An offer will lapse if:

A

There is an express condition; or
After a reasonable time period.
(Will depend on facts)