Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

*LSS Alimentary Y1* > Oesophagus and Stomach > Flashcards

Oesophagus and Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

At what levels does the oesophagus start and end?

A

C5

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the organisation of the epithelial layer in the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of epithelium does the oesophagus have?

A

Non-keratnising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many sphincters does the oesophagus have?

A

2 - Upper/lower oesophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What triggeres the opening of the oesophageal sphincter?

A

Swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of muscle are the oesophageal sphincters made of?

A

Upper: Skeletal
Lower: Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens if you food cannot pass down the oesophagus?

A

Signal to brain

Initiates second peristaltic wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the organisation of epithelial cells in the stomach?

A

Simple columnar

to facilitate absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What muscle prevents reflux from the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the gastric folds in the stomach called?

A

Rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of the gastric folds?

A

When stomach is empty it can get smaller

When full, allows stomach to get larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the top of the stomach called?

A

Fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is region of the stomach at the entry?

A

Cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main section of the stomach called?

A

Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is released in the Cardiac region and Pyloric canal?

A

Mucus only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is secreted in the Body and fundus?

A

Mucus, HCL, Pepsinogen

17
Q

How much acid does the stomach produce a day?

A

2L

18
Q

What does mucus contain in the stomach?

A

HCO3- trapped in mucus gel to neutralise acid to protect cells

19
Q

What are the two types of stomach contractions, what do they do?

A

Peristalsis 20%

  • To move food down further into system
  • Triggered by vagus nerve

Segmentation 80%

  • Weaker, mixes contents
  • Fluid chyme moved towards pyloric sphincter
  • Solid chyme moved towards fundus
20
Q

What is the cell types in the stomach that secretes proteins (pepsinogen)?

A

Chief cell

21
Q

What is present in the chief cell?

A

Lots of RER
Many golgi
Mass of apical granules for secretion

22
Q

What cell in the stomach produces acid?

A

Parietal cells

23
Q

What cell in the stomach produces acid?

A

Parietal cells

24
Q

What two structures are (specially) present in parietal cells?

A

Cytoplasmic Tubulovesicles -

Internal Canaliculi

25
Q

What converts Pepsinogen into active Pepsin?

A

HCl

26
Q

What does the pyloric antrum produce?

A

Gastrin

27
Q

What is Gastrin?

A

Endocrine hormone that travels to body of stomach!!!!!!!!!

28
Q

What are the three phases of Gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

29
Q

What causes the cephalic phase of secretion?

A

Thought, sight, smell and taste of food causes signal to be sent from vagus nerve to release ACh to Parietal cells

30
Q

What triggers the gastric phase of secretion?

A

Stretch and chemo receptors

31
Q

What is food that has passed through the stomach called?

A

Chyme

32
Q

What triggers the Intestinal phase of stomach secretion?

A

pH < 2 or lipids in intestine

33
Q

What happens if the chyme entering the intestine has a high protein concentration?

A

Intestinal phase causes Antrum to secrete more gastrin to try harder to break down proteins in the food that remains in the stomach

34
Q

What are the four sections of the Gut wall?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/Adventitia

35
Q

What cells does the mucosa contain?

A

Epithelial cells
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

36
Q

What does the submucosa contain?

A

Connective tissue

W/nerve plexus

37
Q

What is the middle oesophagus comprised of?

A

Both skeletal and smooth muscle (neither voluntarily controlled)

38
Q

What is the last section of the stomach?

A

Pyloric canal

39
Q

What section of the stomach secretes Gastrin, and where is it found?

A

Pyloric antrum, just before Pyloric canal

*LSS Alimentary Y1* (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions