Liver

Question 1

How many lobes has the liver?

Answer 1

4
Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

Question 2

What ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm?

Answer 2

Falciform ligament

Question 3

Describe the distribution of blood supply to the liver:

Answer 3

20% from Hepatic Artery

80% from Hepatic portal vein

Question 4

What proportion of resting cardiac output is delivered to the liver?

Answer 4

25%

Question 5

What is the purpose of the Hepatic Artery?

Answer 5

Supplies typical molecules to Liver

e.g. O2, Glucose etc.

Question 6

What is the purpose of the Hepatic Portal Vein?

Answer 6

Passes ALL products of absorption through the liver

Question 7

Describe the basic morphology of the liver:

Answer 7

Lobes containing Lobules

Question 8

What are the two types of vessels present in liver lobules?

Answer 8

Hepatic Sinusoids

Bile Canals

Question 9

What feeds the Hepatic sinusoids?

Answer 9

Portal vein

H artery

Question 10

What does the portal triad contain?

Answer 10

Portal vein
H artery
Bile duct

Question 11

Where are the portal triads located?

Answer 11

Outside of lobules

Question 12

How much oxygen does blood in hepatic sinusoids contain?

Answer 12

Not much, as 80% from portal vein

Question 13

What are the four main roles of the LIver?

Answer 13

Digestion
Biosynthesis
Energy metabolism
Degradation/Detoxification

Question 14

What are the 5 main cell types in the Liver?

Answer 14

Hepatocytes 80%
Endothelial cells
Cholangiocytes
Kupffer cells
Hepatic stellate cells

Question 15

Where are Kupffer cells found?

Answer 15

Hepatic sinusoids

Question 16

Where are stellate cells found?

Answer 16

In the Space of disse between endothelial cells and Hepatocytes

Question 17

Which cells produce bile?

Answer 17

Hepatocytes

Question 18

What do Hepatic stellate cells do?

Answer 18

Vitamin A storage
Produce ECM (fibrogenesis)

Question 19

What is cirrhosis caused by?

Answer 19

Fibrosis

Replacement of hepatocytes with fibrotic tissue by stellate cells

Question 20

What is a prominent feature of sinusoidal endothelial cells?

Answer 20

Very fenestrated to allow lipid and other large molecules to move to and from hepatocytes

Question 21

What do kupffer cells do?

Answer 21

Phagocytosis
RBC breakdown
Secretion of cytokines that promote Stellate cell activation

Question 22

What is the effect of cytokines from kupffer cells on stellate cells?

Answer 22

Proliferation, contraction and fibrosis

Question 23

How many hours worth of glycogen does the liver store?

Answer 23

24h