Oesophagus

Question 1

Innveration

Answer 1

Parasympathetic innervation by vagus nerve - regulates peristalsis

Question 2

Blood supply

Answer 2

Thoracic part: Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Abdominal part: left gastric artery, left inferior phrenic

Drains to portal circulation - left gastric v.
Drains to systemic ciruclation - azygous v.

Question 3

Oesophageal varices

Answer 3

Abdominal oesophagus drains into portal and systemic circulation forms anastomosis.

Oesophageal varices dilated submucosal veins in anastomosis due to portal hypertension
Treated with Sengetaken tube

Question 4

Swallowing centre

Answer 4

Reticular formation of brainstem: o

Non-vagal nuceli, nucleus ambiguus, dorsal motor nucleus

Question 5

Oesophagus spinal level

Answer 5

Cricoid cartilage (C6) to cardiac orifice of stomach (T11)

Question 6

What is special about the lower oesophageal spchinter

Answer 6

Marked by from oesphagael mucosa (NK stratified squamous) to gastric mucosa (simple columnar)
Physiological sphincter
T11

Question 7

Barret’s oesophagus

Answer 7

Metaplasia (reversible change from differentiated cell type to another) - from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar.
Due to chronic acid exposure due to malfunctioning of LOS
Long-term indigestion (dyspepsia)

Question 8

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 8

Occurs in inferior third of oesophagus
Assoicated with Barret’s oesophagus as metaplastic epithelium accumulates genetic changes and causes dysplasia (abnormal growth, differentation)

Question 9

Oesophagitis

Answer 9

Inflammation of squamous mucosa due to acid exposure. Strictures formed.