Liver

Question 1

Pre-hepatic jaundice results

Answer 1

UB: Increased
CB: N
Urobilinogen: N
Urine: N
Stool: N

Question 2

Hepatic jaundice

Answer 2

UB: Increased 
CB: Increased 
Urobilinogen: Increased
Urine: dark
Stool: N
AST, ALT: Increased
Alk phosphate: Increased slightly

Question 3

Post-hepatic jaundice

Answer 3

UB: N
CB: Increased
Urobilinogen: Decreased 
Urine: dark
Stool: pale 
AST,ALT: Increased slightly
Alk phosphate: Increased

Question 4

Autoimmune hepatitis LFT

Answer 4

Increased ALT
Increased IgG
Positive anti-nuclear Ab, anti-smooth muscle Ab

Question 5

Hepatitis

Answer 5

Increased ALT and AST

Question 6

Cholestasis

Answer 6

Increased Alk Phosphate

Question 7

3 characteristics of cirrhosis

Answer 7

Diffuse process
Fibrosis
Nodule formation

Question 8

Types of alcholic liver disease

Answer 8

Fatty liver (steatosis)
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cirrhosis

Question 9

Fatty liver (steatosis)

Answer 9

Alcohol increases hepatic lipid by:
Altered hepatocyte fat metabolism
Increased peripheral fat metabolism
Reduced lipoprotein synthesis

Microscopy:
Lipid droplets in hepatocytes (microvesicular) which can coalesce and become larger (macrovesicular)

Question 10

Alcoholic hepatitis

Answer 10

Related to volume and duration of alcohol excess

Microscopy:
Fatty liver +
Hepatocyte ballooning, mallory bodies in cytoplasm, necrosis
Fibrosis

Increased transaminases in LFTs

Question 11

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Answer 11

Complications:
Portal hypertension
Liver failure
Hepatocellular carcinoma