Oesophagus Flashcards
Length of oesophagus
25 cm
Narowst part of alimentary canal
Pharyngo oesophageal junction except for vermiform appendix
No.of curvatures of oesophagus
2
Both left
Root of neck & near lower end
Also anteroposterior curvature, corresponding to cervicothorax spine curvature
4 constrictions of oesophagus form incisors
- Crossed by cricophayngeus muscle, 15 cm/ 6 inch
- Corssed by aortic arch, 22.5 cm/ 9 inch
- Corssed by left bronchus 27.5 cm/ 11 inch
- Pierced diaphragm 37.5 cm/ 15 inch
Anterior relations of thoracic oesophagus
Trachea (in upper part)
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Arch of the aorta
Left bronchus (which crosses the esophagus)
Pericardium (separating it from the left atrium of the heart)
Posterior relations of thoracic oesophagus
Vertebral column (bodies of thoracic vertebrae)
Thoracic duct
Azygos vein (on the right side)
Hemiazygos vein (on the left side)
Descending thoracic aorta (in the lower part)
Right side relations of thoracic oesophagus
Azygos vein
Right lung and pleura
Right vagus nerve
Left relations of thoracic oesophagus
Aortic arch
Left subclavian artery
Thoracic duct
Left lung and pleura
Left vagus nerve
Posterior mediastinum:
Descending thoracic aorta
Left lung and mediastinal pleura
Arterial supply of oesophagus
Cervical - inferior thoracic artery
Thoracic- oesophagus branch of aorta
Abdomen- oesophagus branch of left gastric artery
Venous drainage of oesophagus
Upper -brachiocephalic
Mid- azygos
Lower- L. Gastric and venous azygos via hemiazygos; site for portosystematic anastomoses
Abdominal part of oesophagus length
1.25 cm
Where does the oesophagus enter the abdomen
T10, slightly left to median.
Abdominal oesophagus opening transmits
Ant and Post gastric nerves, oesophageal branches of left gastric artery and accompanying veins
Abdominal oesophagus venous drainage
L Gastric Vein into portal vein
Other into hemiazygos
Site of portosystemic anastomoses
Peritoneum coverage
Only Anterior and left side
Oesophagus runs down as
1.Left in front of left crush of diaphragm
2. Inferior left lobe of liver
3. Cardiac end of stomach at T11, 2.5 cm left of median.
Oesophagus is downward continuation of
Pharynx
Begins at lower cricoid cartilage, opposite the lower border of C6
Downward, behind trachea
Cervical oesophagus relations
Anterior _ trachea, recurrent laryngeal nerves
Posterior _ longus colli muscle, VC
Sides _ lobe of thoracic gland, left has thoracic duct
Clinical anatomy of oesophagus
- Lower end of it is portosystemic anastomoses
- Oesophagus varices
- Achalasia cardiac
- Oesophageal carcinoma
- Hiatal harnia
- Barium swallow
- Dysphagia
- Tracheo oesophageal fistula
Clinical anatomy of oesophagus
- Lower end of it is portosystemic anastomoses
- Oesophagus varices
- Achalasia cardiac
- Oesophageal carcinoma
- Hiatal harnia
- Barium swallow
- Dysphagia
- Tracheo oesophageal fistula
