Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

High - Cardiovascular system > Oedema + vascular disease > Flashcards

Oedema + vascular disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of diuretics?

A

Blocks sodium reabsorption across nephron, INC urine output by kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Loop diuretics

A
  • Bumetanide (most potent)
  • Furosemide (most gout)
  • Torasemide (MSK pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Thiazide and related diuretics

A
  • Bendroflumethiazide
  • Chlortalidone (long HL - alt days)
  • Indapamide (less aggravation of diabetes)
  • Metolazone (for severe RI) (MHRA: caution switching brands)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aldosterone antagonist diuretics

A
  • Spironolactone (for liver ascites)
  • Eplerenone (For post acute MI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A
  • Amiloride
  • Triamterene (blue urine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osmotic diuretics

A

Mannitol (for: cerebral oedema, raised intra-occular pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the sick day rule for diuretics?

A

STOP - Fluid loss = RED plasma volume → RED blood flow to kidneys → RED eGFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the consequences of excessive diuretics doses?

A

Too much fluid loss. RED plasma volume → low blood pressure and cause hypervolemia (low blood volume)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the MOA of loop diuretics?

A

Block sodium potassium chloride co-transporter on ascending loop of henle

  • Onset: 1H
  • Duration: 6h
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the indication of loop diuretics?

A
  • Fluid build up/oedema in HF
  • Last line: Resistant hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the caution when taking loop diuretics?

A

Exacerbates diabetes + gout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

A

Electrolyte imbalance (RED Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+)

Ototoxicity - tinnitus + deafness

Acute urinary retention
- Caution: enlarged prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the interactions of loop diuretics?

A

Aminoglycoside (gentamicin) → ototoxicity
- Counselling: separate doses by long periods

Aminoglycoside (gentamicin) → nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the MOA of thiazide + related diuretics?

A

Block sodium chloride transporter on proximal distal convoluted tubule

  • Onset: 1-2H
  • Duration: 12-24h
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the indication of thiazide + related diuretics?

A
  • Fluid build up/oedema in HF
  • Last line: Resistant hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Can you use thiazide + related diuretics in renal impairment?

A

Ineffective in severe RI (except metolazone)

17
Q

What are the cautions when taking thiazide + related diuretics?

A

Exacerbates diabetes + gout
- Indapamide: least effect

18
Q

What are the side effects of thiazide + related diuretics?

A

Electrolyte imbalance (RED Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+)

Diarrhoea

Impotence

Skin reactions
- MHRA: hydrochlorothiazide - risk of non-melanoma skin cancer long term use
- Counselling: Report new/changed skin lesions, regular checks. Limit skin + UV exposure + use sun protection

High LDL cholesterol + triglycerides

19
Q

What are the interactions of thiazide + related diuretics?

A

Hypotension
- Antihypertensives
- Antidepressants
- Nitrate
- Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor

Hypokalaemia
- Digoxin toxicity
- Beta 2 agonist
- Anti-arrhythmic

Hyponatraemia
- Lithium toxicity → AKI

NSAIDs + thiazides → AKI

20
Q

What is the MOA of potassium sparing diuretics?

A
  • Conserves K+
  • Blocks sodium channels in late distal convoluted tubule in collecting duct
21
Q

What is the indication of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Adjunct: potassium conservation w loop + thiazides
- Preferred over supplements

22
Q

What are the side effects of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalaemia, Hyponatraemia
- Counselling: urine blue in some lights (triamterene)

23
Q

What are the interactions of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Hyperkalaemia
- ACEi/ARB Aldosterone antagonist
- Heparin
- NSAID
- K supplement
- Trimethoprim

24
Q

What is the MOA of aldosterone antagonists?

A
  • Blocks aldosterone
  • Acts on NA+ channels from late distal convoluted tubule to collecting duct
25
Q

What are the indications of aldosterone antagsonists?

A

Adjunct: HF
- Preferred over supplements

Spironolactone:
- Resistant hypertension
- Liver ascites

26
Q

What are the side effects of aldosterone antagonists?

A

HypERkalaemia
- ACEi/ARB Aldosterone antagonist
- Heparin
- NSAID
- K supplement
- Trimethoprim

27
Q

What are the types of PVD?

A

either occlusive or vasospastic

28
Q

What is occlusive PVD (peripheral arterial disease)?

A

Atherosclerosis narrows peripheral arteries in limbs, usually the legs

  • Causes leg pain or aches when walking
  • Disappears after a few minutes of resting - intermittent claudication
29
Q

What is vasospastic PVD?

A

Blood vessels temporarily spasm, restricting blood flow to fingers + toes

30
Q

What is the treatment for peripheral arterial disease?

A

Secondary prevention: high intensity statin AND low dose aspirin

31
Q

What is the treatment for vasospastic PVD?

A

Nifedipine
- Stop smoking
- Avoid cold + stress

High - Cardiovascular system (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions