Heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
What are the causes of HF?
A
- Physical abnormalities of heart muscle
- Coronary artery disease
- Hypertension
2
Q
What are the types of chronic heart failure?
A
Reduced EF <40%
- Weak heart muscle cannot fully contract
Preserved EF
- Stiff heart muscle cannot fully relax
3
Q
What medication do you stop in newly diagnosed HF?
A
CCB - RED heart contractility, tf worsening HF
4
Q
What are the symptoms of HF?
A
- Dyspnoea
- Swollen ankles and legs
- Cough
- Frothy pink sputum
- Fatigue + low exercise tolerance
5
Q
What is the treatment for reduced ejection fraction?
A
Fluid overload: Loop OR thiazide
- Thiazide: ineffective if eGFR <30 (except metolazone)
First line
ACE inhibitor AND
- If intolerant - ARB (candesartan, valsartan, losartan)
- If intolerant ACEi/ARB - hydralazine + nitrate
Beta-blocker
- Bisoprolol, carvedilol
- Nebivolol: 70+ mild-mod stable HF
6
Q
What is given if symptoms continue (second line)?
A
ADD aldosterone antagonist
7
Q
What is given third line?
A
Specialist + consider:
- Sacubitril
- Valsartan
- Ivabadrine
- Hydralazine + nitrate
- Digoxin
8
Q
What is the treatment for preserved ejection?
A
Managed by specialist
