Odontogenic Infection

Question 1

Types of teeth

Answer 1

Primary or milky teeth
Permanent teeth

Question 2

Duration for their formation

Answer 2

Primary 6-12months
Permanent -6-12 years

Question 3

No of permanent and milky teeth

Answer 3

Permanent -32-four incisors ,two canine ,four premolar four molar and two wisdom teeth

Milky -20 teeth -lack the wisdom teeth and premolar

Question 4

Which part of the teeth has the nerves lymphatics and blood vessels

Answer 4

Pulp

Question 5

What’s is mixed dentition stage

Answer 5

Refers to the period between 6-11 in which both deciduous and permanent teeth are present

Question 6

Function of the mandible and maxilla

Answer 6

Mandible -lower jaw and maxilla upper jaw -support the aveolarcridges and house the teeth .

Question 7

Inner action of the maxilla and the mandible

Answer 7

Maxilla receives interaction from the maxillary nerve ,2nd division of triennial nerve (5th cranial nerve ).
Mandible receives interaction from the mandibular nerve ,3rd and most inferior division of the original nerves

Question 8

What does the peridontium consist of

Answer 8

Tissues that support the teeth -gingiva , epithelium , connective tissues, periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone

Question 9

What is the function of the alveolar bone

Answer 9

It is bone containing socket to which the teeth is embeded
It is lined by the periodontal ligaments .

Question 10

What three parts is the bone divided into

Answer 10

Crown -covers by the enamel (hardest part of the body
Neck
Root covered by the cementum

Question 11

The ph and composition of saliva

Answer 11

PH 6.2-7.6
Compsition -water, mucus, proteins, mineral salts(sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and phosphates ) and amylase

Question 12

Function of saliva

Answer 12

Keeps your mouth and throat lubricated and comfortable.
Moistens food so it’s easier to swallow.
Contains an enzyme called amylase, which helps your stomach break down starches in food.
Keeps your mouth clean.
Helps reduce your risk of cavities and gum disease.

Question 13

What is the function of the pellicle?

Answer 13

It is a thin film that covers the orally exposed surface of the teeth

Question 14

What is dental caries ( tooth decay )

Answer 14

According to shafer ,Hine and levy dental caries is a microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth characterized by dimeralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth

Question 15

What are the organic and inorganic portions of the tooth

Answer 15

Organic tooth matter refers to the living parts of the teeth that consist of cells, fibers, proteins, and water

The inorganic matter is mainly composed of calcium salts and provides the strength and substance of the teeth. Each

Question 16

Minerals in the teeth

Answer 16

Hydroxylapatite
(calcium, phosphate, and hydroxide)

Question 17

Main organism that causes dental caries

Answer 17

Streptococcus mutans

Question 18

Risk factors

Answer 18

History of caries
Poor dietary habits (low nutrition , frequent snacks )
Problems with saliva or no saliva (xerostomia ) production (washes away food debris and bacteria remaining in the month , neutralizes biofilm acidity and supersaturates calcium and phosphate ions which when combined with fluoride helps slow caries from developing .)
Abnormal levels of acid forming bacteria
Low fluoride exposure
Poor hygiene

Question 19

Pathophysiology

Answer 19

When a dental Plaque ( sticky film that coats teeth and contains bacteria.) develops after 24 hours .) is not cleaned , bacterial may produce acids that will cause dimeralization of the tooth
As the disease progress , cavities are created in the enamel given access to the dentin .
The dentine has tiny tubes that directly communicates with the nerve of the tooth causing sensitivity
Once it reaches the dentine remonralization is not possible .

Question 20

Stages in caries development

Answer 20

Enamel caries - dentin caries -pulpitis -periodontitis

Question 21

Classification of caries using the GV black method

Answer 21

Class I -pits and fissure of the premolar and molar
Class ii - caries affect the proximal ( area next to each teeth ) surface of the molar amd premolar
Class iii - affect the proximal surface of the incisor , cuspid (canine ) without affecting the incisal angles
Class iv- class 3 plus incisal angle of the anterior
Class v -its affects the gingival one third of the facial surfaces of the anterior tooth
Class vi -ut affects the cusp tip of the molar premolar and canine

Question 22

Symptoms

Answer 22

Visible hole or black spot
Increases sensitivity to heat and cold
Tooth ache
Pain when eating and drinking
Restricted month movement
Halitosis

Question 23

Three complications

Answer 23

Tooth abscess
Osteomyelitis of the jaw
Orofacial space infection leading to deep neck infections
Maxillary sinusitis

Question 24

l treatment

Answer 24

If the cavity just started fluoride treatment can be used to restore the tooth’s enamel .one can you fluoridated tooth paste eg crest, Colgate , sensodyne

Regular rinsing of mouth after brushing eg chlorhexidine 15ml (undiluted ) .swish and spit for 30 seconds twice daily after brushing
the irritation of the mucosa, and staining of teeth, tongue, and restorations .prolong use can cause tooth

Pain killer for the pain

Fillings /restorations -main treatment option .using dental amalgam(mercury and powdered alloy of silver, tin and copper )

Extend to the pulp -root canal treatment( pulpectomy after space is cleaned , disinfected and sealed )

Tooth extraction …so bad that it cannot be restored

Question 25

Pharmacological

Answer 25

Paracetamol or

Question 26

Tooth caries prevention

Answer 26

eating a healthy diet, avoiding sugar sweetened drinks, drinking plenty of tap water, brushing your teeth twice a day using a fluoride toothpaste, and flossing once a day