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Dental Anatomy > Odontogenesis > Flashcards

Odontogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

what happens during initiation?

A

underlying ectomesenchymal cell induce the overlying ectoderm (oval epithelium) to proliferate, forming a localized thickening at the site of each tooth celled the dental lamina

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2
Q

when does initiation occur?

A

starts at 6 weeks in utero

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3
Q

when does the bud stage occur?

A

starts at 8 weeks in utero

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4
Q

what happens during the cap stage?

A

the enamel organ begins to form, which is composed of a single layer of cells at the convex region (outer enamel epithelium, OEE) and the concave region (inner enamel epithelium, IEE). Between the two epithelial layers is loosely arranged stellate reticulum. Some cells of the stellate reticulum become densely packed near the IEE and are known as the enamel knot. The dental papilla is composed of condensed ectomesenchymal cells located within the concavity of the enamel organ. The dental follicle (dental sac) is the capsule-like encasing of mesenchyme surrounding the enamel organ.

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5
Q

tooth germ

A

enamel organ, dental papilla, dental follicle

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6
Q

when does the bell stage happen?

A

it starts at week 11 in utero

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7
Q

what happens during the bell stage?

A

morphodifferentiation and histodifferentiation of specific cells. the enamel organ is now well-defined and composed of the following: OEE (outermost layer of the enamel organ), IEE (innermost layer of the enamel organ), stratum intermedium (forms directly lateral to the IEE), stellate reticulum (becomes more sparsely arranged due to increased proteoglycan synthesis). the enamel knot disappear. The cells in the IEE become tall and columnar (now called preameloblasts) first. The cells of the dental papilla closest to the IEE become tall and columnar (now called preodontoblasts) after the preameloblasts are formed. The dental lamina disintegrates.

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8
Q

When does the appositional stage start?

A

At week 14 in utero

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9
Q

What happens during the appositional stage?

A

the reduced enamel epithelium (REE) forms when the stellate reticulum collapses, merging OEE with IEE. Odontoblasts secrete dentin matrix first. Ameloblasts secrete enamel matrix after dentin is first formed. Root formation begins. The dental papilla forms the pulp tissue. The dental follicle forms cementum, alveolar bone, and PDL.

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10
Q

what happens during root formation?

A

Begins at the cervical loop (where the OEE and IEE join) after enamel is first formed. As the cervical loop elongates, HERS is formed, which shapes the roots and ultimately surrounds the majority of the dental papilla. As radicular dentin is formed HERS begins to disintegrate, leaving behind patches of epithelial cells called epithelial rests of Malassez. The collapse of HERS enables ectomesenchymal cells of dental follicle to contact dentin and differentiate into the formative cells of periodontium: cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts.

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11
Q

When does the cap stage occur?

A

It starts at week 9 in utero.

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12
Q

What happens during eruption?

A

As the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, the reduced enamel epithelium (REE) fuses with the oral epithelium, forming the dentogingival junction (epithelial attachment). This later migrates apically along the tooth into its normal position in which the most apical cells of the JE are at the CEJ. A delay in the apical migration is known as delayed (altered) passive eruption.

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13
Q

What is the chronological order of enamel and dentin formation?

A
  1. differentiation of ameloblasts.
  2. differentiation of odontoblasts.
  3. deposition of dentin matrix.
  4. deposition of enamel matrix.
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14
Q

what happens after IEE cells differentiate into preameloblasts?

A

differentiation of preodontoblasts from mesenchymal cells of the dental papilla

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15
Q

What disintegrates following tooth formation?

A

dental lamina
ameloblasts
HERS
reduced enamel ep.

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16
Q

What is the precursor for ameloblasts?

A

inner enamel ep.

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17
Q

what is the precursor for HERS?

A

outer enamel ep.

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18
Q

What is the precursor for reduced enamel ep?

A

IEE, OEE, stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum

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19
Q

What is the precursor for junctional ep?

A

reduced enamel ep.

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20
Q

What is the precursor for root formation?

A

HERS

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21
Q

what is the precursor for pulp?

A

dental papilla

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22
Q

what is the precursor for dentin

A

dental papilla

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23
Q

what is the precursor for alveolar bone?

A

osteoclasts

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24
Q

what is the precursor for cementum?

A

cementoblasts

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25
Q

what is the precursor for the periodontal ligament

A

fibroblasts

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26
Q

What does the dental sac differentiate into?

A

cementoblasts
fibroblasts
osteoclasts

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27
Q

what is the precursor for dental sac and dental papilla?

A

ectomesenchyme

28
Q

what forms the dental lamina?

A

oral epithelium

29
Q

original precursor cells of enamel

A

epithelial cells

30
Q

original precursor cells of dentin, pulp, cementum

A

ectomesenchymal cells

31
Q

ectoderm

A

tissues covering the outside of the body / epidermis, hair, nails, etc

32
Q

mesoderm

A

connective tissues / heart, muscle, blood cells, bone, dermis, etc

33
Q

endoderm

A

tissues lining inside the body / lung, stomach, intestine, liver, etc

34
Q

what forms from the neural crest

A

sensory ganglia

connective tissues of head and neck (bone, cartilage, muscles, tooth, etc)

35
Q

enamel organ

A

(aka dental organ) proliferation of epithelial cells

36
Q

dental papilla

A

condensation of ectomesenchymal cells

37
Q

dental sac

A

(aka dental follicle) capsule like condesation of ectomesenchymal cells

38
Q

future tooth product of enamel organ

A

enamel

39
Q

future tooth product of dental papilla

A

dentin

pulp

40
Q

future tooth product of dental sac

A

cementum
periodontal ligament
alveolar bone
connective tissues of gingiva

41
Q

tooth germ

A

enamel organ + dental papilla + dental follicle

42
Q

purpose of inner enamel ep

A

generates enamel

43
Q

purpose of the cervical loop

A

root formation

44
Q

purpose of the stella reticulum

A

protect inner enamel ep.

45
Q

purpose of enamel knot

A

location of cusp

46
Q

when are the enamel knot, enamel cord, and enamel navel present

A

during the cap stage

47
Q

differentiation of ameloblasts

A

older, taller polarized (cusp tip)

younger, shorter, unpolarized (root)

48
Q

dentin =

A

collagen + hydroxyapaptite crystals

49
Q

enamel =

A

amelogenin +hydroxapatite crystals

50
Q

amelogenin

A

resorbable –> allows further packing of crystals –> inorganic component, hardness

51
Q

promote calcificaiton

A 
alkaline phosphatase (supply phosphate)
pyrophosphatase (hydrolyze phosphate)
52
Q

inhibit calcification

A

pyrophosphate

53
Q

matrix vesicles

A

contain essential components
contain seed of crystal
released from odontoblasts to collagen matrix

54
Q

what reverses calcification

A

acid

55
Q

sharpey’s fiber

A

collagen fibers of periodontal ligament embedded in cementum

56
Q

cementoblasts

A

secrete cementoid (matrix) and mineralize cementum on root dentin

57
Q

enervation in cap stage

A

axons enter the dental follicle

58
Q

enervation in bell stage

A

axons enter dental papilla following the initiation of dentinogenesis

59
Q

remnants of odontogenic epithelial cells

A

epithelial rests of Malassez
remnant of HERS
located in periodontal ligament

60
Q

hardest tissue found in the oral cavity

A

enamel

61
Q

the dental lamina

A

is derived from ectoderm

62
Q

collagen is not the major component of matrix of

A

enamel

63
Q

what is present in bell stage

A

OEE, IEE, stellate reticulum, stellate intermedium

64
Q

cementogenesis starts prior to

A

formation of apical foramen

65
Q

odontoblasts are characterized by

A

possessing long cytoplasmic processes which lie within dentinal tubules

66
Q

pulp chamber of a mature tooth contains

A

blood vessels and nerves

Dental Anatomy (9 decks)

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