Odisha

Question 1

Location

Answer 1

Northeastern India.
485km of coastline.

Question 2

Background

Answer 2

2018 – population was 46 million. Grows at 13% in a decade.
Lots of marine wildlife.
Depositional coastline, major sediment store.

Question 3

Risks

Answer 3

Undergoing constant change (46% depositional, 36% erosional, 15% stable)
Old defences have accelerated erosion
Open to tropical storms. Climate change makes this worse.

Question 4

2013

Answer 4

Cyclone Phailin destroyed 500,000 hectares of farmland.
1 million evacuated.

Question 5

Opportunities

Answer 5

Fishing – primary source of income.
Minerals – 35% of coast has materials that can be extracted.
Renewable energy in wind and tidal power.

Question 6

Resilience

Answer 6

Residents insist on staying despite the risk of tropical storms.

Question 7

Adaptation

Answer 7

Scheme aims to provide new income sources alternative to fishing to remove their need of living on the coast.

Question 8

Mitigation

Answer 8

Authorities now: broadcast warnings of storms, conduct staged evacuations, and provide relief supplies ahead of the storm.
Mangrove trees are planted to provide a natural barrier to storms since they can live in saltwater and can cope with the rising sea level.
Human development is limited along the coastline.