Odds ‘n’ Ends T1 Flashcards
Alterations in homeostatic control mechanisms
Fever (alteration in the homeostasis of normal temperature)
Weight Loss (Alteration in “set point” weight”)
COPD and “new normal” for Blood Gases (the 50%/50% club)
Chronic Alcohol
Chronic Alcohol Abuse can lead to SEVERE hypocalcemia and other electrolyte imbalances.
PaO2
80-100 mm Hg
Interferons
Small proteins released by virus-infected cells
Help to stop viruses
Pyrogens
Released by activated macrophages
Lymphokines
-Released by cytotoxic T cells.
-After release, they kill virus-infected (and some other) cells by bursting apart their cell plasma membrane and/or cell wall
Types of Transplants
Allogenic-healthy donor, not exactly identical in genetics but close enough, same species
Autogenic-utilizing recipients own source (cells, organ, etc…).
Xenogenic-usually referring to animal (non-human) source
Syngenic-donor is an identical twin
Rejection of Organs
Acute-days to three months after transplantation
Chronic
Hyperacute
Opportunistic Infections-infect those who are
Opportunistic Infections-infect those who are immunocompromised, but not those who have a healthy immune system
also happens to those who have natural flora in the gut wiped out (by antibiotics) whereby things like c. diff. (opportunistic) flourish.
Primary Immunodeficiency
No other diagnosis
Most often due to a genetic disorder directly affecting the immune system
Secondary Immunodeficiency
Examples include chemo, drug induced (steroid or other immunosuppressants), malnutrition, infection, etc….
Comes from something else
Vitiligo
Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes
You get white patchy areas of skin
Skin stuff
Age related- skin spots can occur
Melansma (skin spots, often on the face) can occur more frequently with age or pregnancy
Gout
Gout can be too much purine breakdown causing increase in uric acid which crystalizes out or it can be the buildup of uric acid caused by not being able to excrete it whereby it crystalizes out.
Will result in localized (distal joint pain) caused by inflammation after the crystalizing. It usually will form in the feet or ankles due to gravity.
Five P’s of Compartment Syndrome
Paresthesia
Pain
Paralysis
Pulselessness
Poikilothermia (super cold)
Depressed fracture
fracture of a flatbone that pushes down (happens with the skull sometimes)
Compression Fracture
Crushing or collapse of bone
Stress
Force of weight or from marathon running
Sciatica
Pain starts in the buttocks and shoots down the leg
Swelling of surrounding tissue or injury causing a problem with the sciatic nerve
Tell me which gender has a nine times greater risk for SLE
Female
