Odds and Ends Flashcards
How much of the body weight is composed of intravascular fluid?
2/3 of body weight is TBW
1/3 of TBW is extracellular; 2/3 intracellular
of extracellular TBW, 1/3 is intravascular, 2/3 are interstitial
2/3 x 1/3 x 1/3 = 2/27
Each 10mL of infused potassium is thought to increase the serum K by how much?
0.1
Delayed fever following a transfusion (by about 1 week) is likely due to
minor antigen incompatibility (like Rh factor)
Adequate protein intake is ____g/kg/d, but this can increase to ___ g/kg/d in times of stress.
0.8; 2
Unlike pilonidal abscesses, these abscesses are much closer to the anus and are very painful on rectal examination.
perianal and perirectal
How is cecal volvulus diagnosed?
barium enema
What is Caroli disease?
Intrahepatic cystic dilation cooccurring with choledochal cysts (congenital cystic dilatiosn of the extrahepatic biliary ducts)
When is LAR used and when is APR used in colorectal cancer?
LAR: proximal and midrectal cancers
APR: distal rectal cancers/SCC of the anus that has failed the Nigro protocol
lower rectum (0–5 cm), middle rectum (6–10 cm), and upper rectum (11–15 cm from the anal verge).
Characteristics of patients that indicate that an invasive procedure will be necessary for its resolution include the following:
1) An effusion occupying more than 50% of the hemithorax or one that is loculated;
2) A positive Gram stain or culture of the pleural fluid;
3) A purulent pleural fluid that has a pH below 7.20 or a glucose below 60,
4) A lactic acid dehydrogenase level of more than three times the upper normal limit for serum.
Out of the benign lung tumors, _______ are found on the periphery of lungs, asymptomatic. ________ are found centrally in major bronchi (where they may cause obstruction) and _________ are found in the lung parenchyma or in the tracheobronchial tree.
1) hamartoma (epithelium AND mesoderm)
2) chondroma (mesoderm only)
3) fibroma (mesoderm only)
What is Reiter syndrome and what are the assoc. cardiac defects?
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthralgia
pericarditis, AR
Criteria for ventilatory support:
1) apnea,
2) respiratory rate >30 breaths/min,
3) PaO2 55 mm Hg (except in COPD)
A BUN:Cr ratio of __ rules out high output renal failure
> 20
Which of the following is calculated, and not directly measured? PCWP PA pressure SVR right ventricular diastolic pressure right atrial pressure
SVR
Which coagulation factors are synthesized by the liver?
II, V, VII, IX, X, XI, protein C, S, and antithrombin
If dopamine causes an arrythmia, consider improving perfusion with
phenylephrine
arrythmia might be due to b1 stimulation (so dopamine, amrinone, and epinephrine will also cause it)
Peutz-Jeghers increases the risk of which cancers?
stomach, ovary, breast, cervix, lung
What is the treatment for splenic abscess?
IV abx and splenectomy (or, if “uncomplicated”/singular abscess, then CT drainage and IV abx)
Multiple Myeloma involves an increase in Bence Jones protein on UA, which is a monoclonal (light/heavy) chain protein.
LIGHT
What are the findings of analgesic nephropathy?
sloughing of the renal papillae
(acetaminophen results in oxidative damage via glutathione depletion, while aspirin blocks prostaglandin and thus prevents vasodilation, resulting in ischemia of the papilla)
