Ocular Pharmacology Flashcards
T/F: The eye is small and simple
F: the eye is very complex
T/F: The eye has no built-in defense mechanisms
F: ocular defense mechanisms include eyelids, eyelashes, tears and tear components, and the bony orbit
T/F: The cornea has many nerve fibers
T: this is an advantage with the administration of eye medication
can be a disadvantage in terms of discomfort
What part of the eye do cataracts develop?
Cataracts are a result of clouding IN the lens of the eye-internal, suspended behind the iris and the pupil
What is the best type of ocular product?:
Solution
Suspension
Ointment
All are Equal
Solution- there is more surface area because the drug particles are suspended in there
Eye drop administration hints:
squeezing the bottle:
done between the middle finger and thumb
refrigeration:
provides the sensation that the drop went into the eye
punctual occlusion:
putting pressure on the corner of the eye with the index finger, ensures drug product is absorbed into the eye
Sharp/Stabbing Pain:
sign of: intraocular inflammation, something in the eye
Scratchy, gritty feeling
sing of: conjunctivitis and less complicated disorders
Vision reduction
reduction in vision is a result of various conditions:
changes in the cornea, cataracts, and intraocular inflammation
Length of Symptoms
length of time symptoms have existed reflects whether a situation is acute or chronic
Ophthalmologist
surgical interventions
Optometrist
manage chronic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and regular vision issues
Conjunctivitis
redness associated with conjunctivitis is diffuse and non patterned
can be: bacterial, viral, or allergic
treatment:
topical decongestant, no longer than 72hrs due to rebound congestion
Bumps/Water Blisters
in conjunctiva lining
irritating but not painful
allergies are the likely cause: face wash, cream, make up, etc.
treatment:
Ketofilen
Bacterial Conjunctivitus:
yellow discharge-associated with bacterial presence
complaints of eye being stuck shut in the morning
staph/strep: most common cause of bacterial infection
treatment:
OTC ointment rubbed in junction of eyelids when eye is closed (QID dosing at first)
11% of the population is allergic to what antibiotic?
neomycin
Patterened Redness:
begins at the adge of the iris and raidates outward
discomfort: iritis, caused by infalmmation of muscle interal to the eye
treatment:
referral-which will lead to topical corticosterioid & myadriatic/cyclopolegic
Topical Corticosteroid:
predinsolone acetate 1%
admin: QID is most cases
cheap and effective
#1 choice
acetate is most potent
Topical Corticosteroid:
Fluorometholone acetate or alcohol (use acetate)
increases IOP less than prednisolone
75% of patients will not have significant IOP response, 20% minimal response, and 5% signigicant response
Normal IOP
10-20mmHg
steroids increase IOP so long-term use requires monitoring
Angle Closure Glaucoma
pupil-mid dialated, redness radiates away from the edge of the iris, intense pain
-aqueous build up leads to pressure on the optic nerve, as result there is too much aqueous humor
IMMEDIATE REFERRAL: occular emergecy: opthamologist or emergency room
treatment:
pilocarpine or hyperosmotic agent
Stye
warm compresses may be useful
stye ointment provides no therapeutic value
topical antimicrobial therapy may be useful
OTC stye products are useless
patient may need to optometrist or ophthalmologist
Pseudomonas
the cornea is the best-known growth media for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 11% of the population pseudomonas in their saliva
- do not wet contact with saliva
Eye Spalshes
base-penetrates better into the cornea would rather have acid splashed into the eye
