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MOCK BOARD > OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY > Flashcards

OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Primary function of liver for biotransformation:

A

transformation of the drug to polar form enhancing renal excretion

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2
Q

First inactive drug has no effect but when given together with 2ndactive drug, the first drug enhances the
effect of the 2nd active drug.

A

potentiation

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2
Q

Enhancement of drug effect when vasopressor agent-adrenaline is incorporated with local anesthetic agent
lidocaine:
A.

A

potentiation

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3
Q

Enhancement of drug effect when NSAID-ibuprofen is combined with paracetamol:

A

synergism

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4
Q

Chemical agent which prevent the agonist to interacts at its receptor site thus inhibiting the effect of the
agonist:

A

antagonism

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5
Q

“The greater the concentration of the drug in the plasma, the greater is the rate of renal excretion”

A

first order kinetics of drug elimination

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6
Q

Direct routes of drug administration e.g IV. IA, IC follows:

A

zero order kinetics of absorption

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7
Q

“The rate of drug elimination is constant regardless of drug concentration in the plasma”

A

zero order kinetics of drug elimination

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8
Q

Enhancement of drug effect if NSAID- Ibuprofen is combined with NSAID-mefenamic acid

A

additive

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9
Q

most commonly abused OTC

A

paracetamol

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10
Q

Refers to the disappearance of active drug molecules from the general circulation by metabolism leading to
termination of desired pharmacologic effect:

A

elimination

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11
Q

Part of prescription order which gives direction pharmacist:

A

subscription

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12
Q

Part of prescription order which gives full instructions to the patient on how to take the medications:

A

transcription

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13
Q

The followings are the information given in inscription :

A

generic name
dosage form of the drug
available preparation of drug

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14
Q

Which of the following is a controlled drug which requires prescription order and S2#?

A

A. cocaine

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15
Q

Margin of safety means:

A

measures the safety and usefulness of the drugs

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16
Q

Type of antagonism without interacting to the receptor sites:

A

chemical antagonism

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17
Q

The followings are the mechanism of drug renal excretion except:

A

tubular reabsorption

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18
Q

Exocrine gland that excrete the largest concentration of the medication:

A

lactating mammary glands

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19
Q

The following organs are both organs for metabolism & excretion of the drug

A

lungs
liver
kidneys

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20
Q

What is the meaning of “first order of drug elimination”?

A

rate of elimination is proportionate to the concentration of the drug in the plasma

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21
Q

Which of the following is the most important parameter of pharmacokinetic?

A

volume of distribution

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22
Q

The followings are the parameters of pharmacokinetic except:

A

therapeutic window

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23
Q

What is “zero order of drug elimination”?

A

implies elimination at constant rate regardless of concentration of drug in the plasma

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24
Q

The followings are information included in transcription except:

A

generic form of the medication

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25
Q

What is the mechanism of NaCl tablet absorption?

A

active transport

26
Q

Pertains to the body of the prescription order:

A

inscription

27
Q

Legal concept of prescription stating that the practitioners should educate the patient regarding the drugs to be given to the patient:

A

doctrine of informed consent

28
Q

Legal concept of prescription states the responsibility of the practitioner for whatever actions done by his
subordinate:

A

doctrine of respondent superior

29
Q

Legal concept of prescription characterized by allowing to patient to know the procedure to be done, pros &
cons, benefits and adverse effects of the procedures to be done:

A

doctrine of informed consent

30
Q

What is substance-I of the controlled substances approved by the BFAD?

A

has high abuse potential and no accepted medical use

31
Q

What is substance-V of the controlled substances approved by the BFAD?

A

limited physical or psychological abuse potential

32
Q

Which of the following drug belongs to substance-I of the controlled substance?

A

methamphetamine

33
Q

Which of the following is not the specific receptor theory-mechanism of action of proparacaine?

A

incorporate and becomes part of cell membrane

34
Q
  1. Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be refilled >5x after the date of
    PO is issued:
A

C-III

35
Q
  1. Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be available for therapeutic use:
A

C-I

36
Q

Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be dispensed if more than 6
months after the date of PO is issued:

A

C-III

37
Q

Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be supplied >3days after the
date of PO is issued:

A

C-II

38
Q

Part of the prescription order which means “take”

A

superscription

39
Q

Part of the prescription order which means “write”

A

transcription

40
Q

Not a carrier-mechanism of drug absorption which are characterized by movement of drug molecules from
higher to lower concentration:

A

simple diffusion

41
Q

The following are the characteristics of lipid soluble medication

A

non-polar form
uncharged form
unionized form

42
Q
  1. Which of the following is lipid insoluble medication which requires BAK for absorption?
A

carbachol

43
Q

Ofloxacin ophthalmic solution for sore or pink eyes caused by virus:

A

prophylactic

44
Q

Nifedipine for chronic essential hypertension:

A

A. protective

45
Q

Naproxen to relieved pain in rheumatoid arthritis:

A

palliative

46
Q

Cyclopentolate as mydriatic agent during ophthalmoscopy:

A

diagnostic

47
Q

Tobramycin ophthalmic solution for ophthalmia neonatorum:

A

curative

48
Q

The following are the ocular side effects of oral contraceptives

A

central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)
contact lens intolerance
central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

49
Q

The following drugs are used for myasthenia gravis :

B. edrophonium
C. neostigmine
D. ambenonium

A
49
Q

The following drugs are used for myasthenia gravis :

A

B. edrophonium
C. neostigmine
D. ambenonium

50
Q

Triads of clinical manifestations after giving atropine IV

A

dry mouth
tachycardia
mydriasis

51
Q

Best term for open angle glaucoma:

A

compensated glaucoma

52
Q

Most common ocular side effect of pilocarpine and atropine ophthalmic solution:

A

ciliary spasm

53
Q

Medication that produced melanin-like deposits on the cornea and conjunctiva on repeated use:

A

epinephrine

54
Q

Medication that produced iris cyst formation reversed by 2.5% phenylephrine:

A

echothiopate

55
Q

Route of corticosteroid treatment having high incidence of secondary open-angle glaucoma:

A

topical

56
Q

Longest-acting, strongest and most primitive mydriatic and cycloplegic agent

A

ATROPINE

57
Q

Classify cyclopentolate:

A

cholinergic antagonist

58
Q

Antipsychotic agent which causes contact lens intolerance:

A

phenothiazine

59
Q

Fertility drug that causes contact lens intolerance:

A

clomiphene

60
Q

Newest form of vitamin A which causes contact lens intolerance

A

etretinate

61
Q

Non-active agent that dissolves the active form of the drug, controlling its viscosity and aids the transport of
the active drug

A

ophthalmic vehicle

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