OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
Primary function of liver for biotransformation:
transformation of the drug to polar form enhancing renal excretion
First inactive drug has no effect but when given together with 2ndactive drug, the first drug enhances the
effect of the 2nd active drug.
potentiation
Enhancement of drug effect when vasopressor agent-adrenaline is incorporated with local anesthetic agent
lidocaine:
A.
potentiation
Enhancement of drug effect when NSAID-ibuprofen is combined with paracetamol:
synergism
Chemical agent which prevent the agonist to interacts at its receptor site thus inhibiting the effect of the
agonist:
antagonism
“The greater the concentration of the drug in the plasma, the greater is the rate of renal excretion”
first order kinetics of drug elimination
Direct routes of drug administration e.g IV. IA, IC follows:
zero order kinetics of absorption
“The rate of drug elimination is constant regardless of drug concentration in the plasma”
zero order kinetics of drug elimination
Enhancement of drug effect if NSAID- Ibuprofen is combined with NSAID-mefenamic acid
additive
most commonly abused OTC
paracetamol
Refers to the disappearance of active drug molecules from the general circulation by metabolism leading to
termination of desired pharmacologic effect:
elimination
Part of prescription order which gives direction pharmacist:
subscription
Part of prescription order which gives full instructions to the patient on how to take the medications:
transcription
The followings are the information given in inscription :
generic name
dosage form of the drug
available preparation of drug
Which of the following is a controlled drug which requires prescription order and S2#?
A. cocaine
Margin of safety means:
measures the safety and usefulness of the drugs
Type of antagonism without interacting to the receptor sites:
chemical antagonism
The followings are the mechanism of drug renal excretion except:
tubular reabsorption
Exocrine gland that excrete the largest concentration of the medication:
lactating mammary glands
The following organs are both organs for metabolism & excretion of the drug
lungs
liver
kidneys
What is the meaning of “first order of drug elimination”?
rate of elimination is proportionate to the concentration of the drug in the plasma
Which of the following is the most important parameter of pharmacokinetic?
volume of distribution
The followings are the parameters of pharmacokinetic except:
therapeutic window
What is “zero order of drug elimination”?
implies elimination at constant rate regardless of concentration of drug in the plasma
The followings are information included in transcription except:
generic form of the medication
What is the mechanism of NaCl tablet absorption?
active transport
Pertains to the body of the prescription order:
inscription
Legal concept of prescription stating that the practitioners should educate the patient regarding the drugs to be given to the patient:
doctrine of informed consent
Legal concept of prescription states the responsibility of the practitioner for whatever actions done by his
subordinate:
doctrine of respondent superior
Legal concept of prescription characterized by allowing to patient to know the procedure to be done, pros &
cons, benefits and adverse effects of the procedures to be done:
doctrine of informed consent
What is substance-I of the controlled substances approved by the BFAD?
has high abuse potential and no accepted medical use
What is substance-V of the controlled substances approved by the BFAD?
limited physical or psychological abuse potential
Which of the following drug belongs to substance-I of the controlled substance?
methamphetamine
Which of the following is not the specific receptor theory-mechanism of action of proparacaine?
incorporate and becomes part of cell membrane
- Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be refilled >5x after the date of
PO is issued:
C-III
- Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be available for therapeutic use:
C-I
Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be dispensed if more than 6
months after the date of PO is issued:
C-III
Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be supplied >3days after the
date of PO is issued:
C-II
Part of the prescription order which means “take”
superscription
Part of the prescription order which means “write”
transcription
Not a carrier-mechanism of drug absorption which are characterized by movement of drug molecules from
higher to lower concentration:
simple diffusion
The following are the characteristics of lipid soluble medication
non-polar form
uncharged form
unionized form
- Which of the following is lipid insoluble medication which requires BAK for absorption?
carbachol
Ofloxacin ophthalmic solution for sore or pink eyes caused by virus:
prophylactic
Nifedipine for chronic essential hypertension:
A. protective
Naproxen to relieved pain in rheumatoid arthritis:
palliative
Cyclopentolate as mydriatic agent during ophthalmoscopy:
diagnostic
Tobramycin ophthalmic solution for ophthalmia neonatorum:
curative
The following are the ocular side effects of oral contraceptives
central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO)
contact lens intolerance
central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)
The following drugs are used for myasthenia gravis :
B. edrophonium
C. neostigmine
D. ambenonium
The following drugs are used for myasthenia gravis :
B. edrophonium
C. neostigmine
D. ambenonium
Triads of clinical manifestations after giving atropine IV
dry mouth
tachycardia
mydriasis
Best term for open angle glaucoma:
compensated glaucoma
Most common ocular side effect of pilocarpine and atropine ophthalmic solution:
ciliary spasm
Medication that produced melanin-like deposits on the cornea and conjunctiva on repeated use:
epinephrine
Medication that produced iris cyst formation reversed by 2.5% phenylephrine:
echothiopate
Route of corticosteroid treatment having high incidence of secondary open-angle glaucoma:
topical
Longest-acting, strongest and most primitive mydriatic and cycloplegic agent
ATROPINE
Classify cyclopentolate:
cholinergic antagonist
Antipsychotic agent which causes contact lens intolerance:
phenothiazine
Fertility drug that causes contact lens intolerance:
clomiphene
Newest form of vitamin A which causes contact lens intolerance
etretinate
Non-active agent that dissolves the active form of the drug, controlling its viscosity and aids the transport of
the active drug
ophthalmic vehicle
