OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards by Norhannafarina Hamdag

Primary function of liver for biotransformation:

transformation of the drug to polar form enhancing renal excretion

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First inactive drug has no effect but when given together with 2ndactive drug, the first drug enhances the
effect of the 2nd active drug.

potentiation

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Enhancement of drug effect when vasopressor agent-adrenaline is incorporated with local anesthetic agent
lidocaine:
A.

potentiation

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Enhancement of drug effect when NSAID-ibuprofen is combined with paracetamol:

synergism

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Chemical agent which prevent the agonist to interacts at its receptor site thus inhibiting the effect of the
agonist:

antagonism

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“The greater the concentration of the drug in the plasma, the greater is the rate of renal excretion”

first order kinetics of drug elimination

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Direct routes of drug administration e.g IV. IA, IC follows:

zero order kinetics of absorption

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“The rate of drug elimination is constant regardless of drug concentration in the plasma”

zero order kinetics of drug elimination

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Enhancement of drug effect if NSAID- Ibuprofen is combined with NSAID-mefenamic acid

additive

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most commonly abused OTC

paracetamol

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Refers to the disappearance of active drug molecules from the general circulation by metabolism leading to
termination of desired pharmacologic effect:

elimination

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Part of prescription order which gives direction pharmacist:

subscription

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Part of prescription order which gives full instructions to the patient on how to take the medications:

transcription

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The followings are the information given in inscription :

generic name
dosage form of the drug
available preparation of drug

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Which of the following is a controlled drug which requires prescription order and S2#?

A. cocaine

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Margin of safety means:

measures the safety and usefulness of the drugs

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Type of antagonism without interacting to the receptor sites:

chemical antagonism

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The followings are the mechanism of drug renal excretion except:

tubular reabsorption

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Exocrine gland that excrete the largest concentration of the medication:

lactating mammary glands

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The following organs are both organs for metabolism & excretion of the drug

lungs
liver
kidneys

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What is the meaning of “first order of drug elimination”?

rate of elimination is proportionate to the concentration of the drug in the plasma

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Which of the following is the most important parameter of pharmacokinetic?

volume of distribution

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The followings are the parameters of pharmacokinetic except:

therapeutic window

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What is “zero order of drug elimination”?

implies elimination at constant rate regardless of concentration of drug in the plasma

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The followings are information included in transcription except:

generic form of the medication

What is the mechanism of NaCl tablet absorption?

active transport

Pertains to the body of the prescription order:

inscription

Legal concept of prescription stating that the practitioners should educate the patient regarding the drugs to be given to the patient:

doctrine of informed consent

Legal concept of prescription states the responsibility of the practitioner for whatever actions done by his subordinate:

doctrine of respondent superior

Legal concept of prescription characterized by allowing to patient to know the procedure to be done, pros & cons, benefits and adverse effects of the procedures to be done:

doctrine of informed consent

What is substance-I of the controlled substances approved by the BFAD?

has high abuse potential and no accepted medical use

What is substance-V of the controlled substances approved by the BFAD?

limited physical or psychological abuse potential

Which of the following drug belongs to substance-I of the controlled substance?

methamphetamine

Which of the following is not the specific receptor theory-mechanism of action of proparacaine?

incorporate and becomes part of cell membrane

35. Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be refilled >5x after the date of PO is issued:

C-III

36. Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be available for therapeutic use:

C-I

Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be dispensed if more than 6 months after the date of PO is issued:

C-III

Prescribing guideline of this controlled substance states that it should not be supplied >3days after the date of PO is issued:

C-II

Part of the prescription order which means “take”

superscription

Part of the prescription order which means “write”

transcription

Not a carrier-mechanism of drug absorption which are characterized by movement of drug molecules from higher to lower concentration:

simple diffusion

The following are the characteristics of lipid soluble medication

non-polar form uncharged form unionized form

43. Which of the following is lipid insoluble medication which requires BAK for absorption?

carbachol

Ofloxacin ophthalmic solution for sore or pink eyes caused by virus:

prophylactic

Nifedipine for chronic essential hypertension:

A. protective

Naproxen to relieved pain in rheumatoid arthritis:

palliative

Cyclopentolate as mydriatic agent during ophthalmoscopy:

diagnostic

Tobramycin ophthalmic solution for ophthalmia neonatorum:

curative

The following are the ocular side effects of oral contraceptives

central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) contact lens intolerance central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO)

The following drugs are used for myasthenia gravis : B. edrophonium C. neostigmine D. ambenonium

The following drugs are used for myasthenia gravis :

B. edrophonium C. neostigmine D. ambenonium

Triads of clinical manifestations after giving atropine IV

dry mouth tachycardia mydriasis

Best term for open angle glaucoma:

compensated glaucoma

Most common ocular side effect of pilocarpine and atropine ophthalmic solution:

ciliary spasm

Medication that produced melanin-like deposits on the cornea and conjunctiva on repeated use:

epinephrine

Medication that produced iris cyst formation reversed by 2.5% phenylephrine:

echothiopate

Route of corticosteroid treatment having high incidence of secondary open-angle glaucoma:

topical

Longest-acting, strongest and most primitive mydriatic and cycloplegic agent

ATROPINE

Classify cyclopentolate:

cholinergic antagonist

Antipsychotic agent which causes contact lens intolerance:

phenothiazine

Fertility drug that causes contact lens intolerance:

clomiphene

Newest form of vitamin A which causes contact lens intolerance

etretinate

Non-active agent that dissolves the active form of the drug, controlling its viscosity and aids the transport of the active drug

ophthalmic vehicle