Ocular Nutrition Flashcards
What factors contribute to pathophysiology in glaucoma?
Serum autoantibodies to optic nerve head glycosaminoglycans are seen in patients with glaucoma
What are current therapy in glaucoma
Intraocular pressure lowering medication
Adjunct therapies
Neuro protection issues
What influences IOP
Alcohol decreases osmosis. Large consumpion of beer is similar to water provocative tests
What are the benefits of caffeine
Has antioxidants
Increases metabolism
Secondary benefis to blood flow in eye
What is the relationship bet mj and IOP
lowers IOP 3-4 mm. Problem is that its short term and minimal efficacy. Have to repeat the dose every three hours which isn’t practical
What is the fat intake in regards with glacoma
very little research but dietary fat may modulate the availability of intraocular prostaglandins. Total fat intake was not associated with glaucoma however when you have a high ratio of omega 3 to 6 polyunsaturated fat, you increase the risk of POAG
What is ginko biloba
reduces platelet aggregation reduces the development of free radicals increases vasodilation reduces blood viscosity quenching of free radicals *In humans it increased end diastolic flow velocity in the opthalmic artery
We’re not prescribing ginko biloba
Bc we’re not seeing that much good out of it. Not a lot of research
How do carotenoids effect cataracts
intake of lutein and zeaxanthin yeilded a 22% reduction in risk for cataract surgery
How does vitamin C help with cataracts
Vitamin C supplements taken over 10 years are 45% less likely to require cataract surgery
What did the Blue Mountain Eye study confirm
Long term use of daily multivitamins protected against the development of nuclear and corticol cataracts.
What did the Beaver Dam eye study conclude
There is NO relationship between cataracts and increased dietary intake of vitamins c, e, and alpha carotene or beta carotene
What did AREDS study find
9- vitamin c, vitamin e and beta carotene has no effect on cataracts
32- centrum multivitamins are associaed with decreased risk of nuclear cataract
What does cataract formation involve
Multifactorial: diet environmental factors (sun and radiation)
Age
Medical conditions (diabetes)
Use of systemic/topical medications
What is age related macular degeneration
major cause of blindness
1.2 mill US people affect
pupils become smaller with age
yellowing of lens
What are the risk factors for amd
smoking, age, family history
AMD occurs in early life. T/F
True
What is the pathogenesis of dry amd
Exact pathogenesis is unknown but oxidative damage due to higher oxygen levels and reactive oxidation species, and blue light
Does a dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids reduce the liklihood of AMD
Yes, reduced atrophy in ind with bilateral drusen at baseline
Does Vitamin C help AMD
Unclear but most studies say no
Does Vitamin E help AMD
Unclear, but most say no, some say they found it protective under some circumstance
What about carotenoids and AMD
Some show beneficial effect some other no effect. REsults are not uniform
What are macular carotenoids capable of
Quenching the reactive oxidative species, thus protecting the RPE from oxidative damage. They absorb blue light
How do you measure Macular Pigment Density
A machine named QuantifEye works on the principle that:
- macular pigment absorbs blue light
- more macular pigment = longer time you see flicker
- Results are quantified via software
