Color vision

Question 1

What is color vision

Answer 1

The ability to discriminate a light stimulus as a function of its wavelength

Question 2

What are the wavelengths of the visible spectrum

Answer 2

380-760 nm

Question 3

What is monochromatic light

Answer 3

Colored light of a single wavelength

Question 4

What does remixing of all colors of light create by a prism

Answer 4

the sensation of white

Question 5

What are the additive primary colors

Answer 5

Blue (435)
Green (545)
Red (700)
These add to produce white color

Question 6

What are the subtractive primary colors

Answer 6

Yellow, magenta-red, and cyan-blue add up to produce black

Question 7

What are complementary colors

Answer 7

additive mixture that forms white

Question 8

what are interference colors

Answer 8

color that results from intereference on thin films like soap bubbles

Question 9

How can color be produced

Answer 9

through the scatter of white light (blue sky)

Question 10

What do all human visual pigments share

Answer 10

a common chromophore, related to vitamin A

Question 11

The rod and cone cell pigments are all complexes of the same chromophore but have different _____

Answer 11

opsin proteins

Question 12

What are the genes encoding the opsin proteins related receptors of

Answer 12

G protein coupled receptors

Question 13

What are the G proteins in rod and cone cells callled

Answer 13

transducins

Question 14

T/F the three c one types share a common transducin

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What reacts with an opsin protein to form a photoreceptor - pigment complex

Answer 15

11 cis isomer of aldehyde vitamin A

Question 16

In the _____ state, the chromophore has unique properties that contribute to color vision functioning

Answer 16

opsin bound state

Question 17

This refers to the change in the absorption of the chromophore when it becomes bound to a particular opsin

Answer 17

opsin shift

Question 18

What is the point of contact between radiated energy, light and nervous system

Answer 18

Retina

Question 19

What do rod cells mediate

Answer 19

scotopic (dim light) vision

Question 20

what do cone cells mediate

Answer 20

phototopic (bright light) color vision

Question 21

What did the Young-Hemholtz Theory emphasize

Answer 21

Trichromacy and was confirmed by the discovery of 3 cone photoreceptor systems

Question 22

Is Karl Hering’ opponent theory true? And what was the conclusion

Answer 22

Not true, but his theory was correct in the sense that the signals from the three cone types are combined, not at the pigment level as he had suggested, but at the level of neurons to produce opposing pairs of red-green blue-yeloow, and black-white

Question 23

Human color vision is _____

Answer 23

trichromatic

Question 24

T/F The peaks of absorbance vary of three cone types, but their absorbance spectra overlap considerably

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

T/F The response of a cone cell is the same no matter what the energy is of the photon that it captures

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Only the ____ of photon capture varies with photon energy, and the dynamic output relates only to the rate of photon capture

Answer 26

efficiency

Question 27

What is the peak of photopic curve

Answer 27

555 nm

Question 28

What is the peak of scotopic curve

Answer 28

505 nm

Question 29

What are the severely affected ind

Answer 29

Dichromats

Question 30

What is the most common type of color vision defect

Answer 30

Deuteranomaly

Question 31

What refers to the loss of the S- sensitive wavelength gene

Answer 31

Tritanopia

Question 32

What refers to the loss of an M- sensitive wavelength gene that causes red green defect

Answer 32

Deuteranopia

Question 33

What refers to the loss of an L sensitive wavelength that also red green defect

Answer 33

protanopia

Question 34

Deuteranope refers to missing

Answer 34

chlorolabe

Question 35

Protonope refers to missing

Answer 35

erythrolabe

Question 36

tritanope refers to missing

Answer 36

cyanolabe

Question 37

What does a congenital anomaly refer to

Answer 37

You were born with color deficiency

Question 38

What does aquired anamoly refer to

Answer 38

Not inherited - secondary to disease (usually bue-yellow)

Question 39

What does achromatopias refer to

Answer 39

The absence of multiple cone types which also leads to a severe loss in VA results

Question 40

What is the most widely used color test referred too

Answer 40

ishihara test; collection of pseudoisochromatic plates

Question 41

What can cause acquired color vision defects

Answer 41

disease or exposure to drugs or toxins

Question 42

What is the problem with X chrome contact lenses

Answer 42

Patients may suppress that eye!