Ocular Emergencies ==> blindness

Question 1

how does acute closed angular glaucoma raise intraocular pressure

Answer 1

aqueous fluid build up in anterior chamber

Question 2

causes of acute closed angular glaucoma (4)

Answer 2

• cataracts
• diabetic retinopathy
• FH
• tumours

Question 3

what does the iris block in acute closed angular glaucoma

Answer 3

canal of schlemn

Question 4

acute closed angular glaucoma Tx

Answer 4

laser iridotomy

Question 5

typical pathogen of orbital cellulitis

Answer 5

staph aureus

Question 6

vasculitis of the temporal arteries that is related to polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 6

giant cell (temporal) arteritis

Question 7

conjunctivitis is an inflammation/redness of the conjunctiva which is located

Answer 7

between sclera & inside lids

Question 8

conjunctivitis Tx if not self-resolved

Answer 8

chloramphenicol

Question 9

ulceration of cornea due to infection

Answer 9

keratinitis

Question 10

Abx used in keratinitis (corneal ulcers)

Answer 10

chloramphenicol

Question 11

risk of keratinitis is increased in

Answer 11

contact lenses

Question 12

uvetitis is an inflammation of

Answer 12

• iris
• ciliary body
• choroid

Question 13

AI conditions associated with uvetitis

Answer 13

• IBD
• reactive arthritis
• steroids

Question 14

inflammation of sclera associated with AI conditions

Answer 14

episcleritis/scleritis

Question 15

vitreous body detaching away from retina

Answer 15

posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)

Question 16

PVD is common in

Answer 16

old people

Question 17

explain the floaters + pain-free nature of PVD

Answer 17

brain gets used to it

Question 18

retinal detachment is a result of

Answer 18

retinal tear –> aqueous fluid in space between retina & choroid

Question 19

conditions that increase the risk of retinal detachment

Answer 19

• PVD
• diabetic retinopathy
• trauma
• FH

Question 20

classic symptoms of retinal detachment

Answer 20

flashes + floaters

Question 21

causes of central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 21

• atherosclerosis
• giant cell arteritis
• polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 22

describe loss of vision in central retinal artery occlusion

Answer 22

painless

Question 23

central retinal artery & retinal vein occlusion Tx

Answer 23

steroids

Question 24

why is there macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion

Answer 24

thrombus –> pooling

Question 25

why is there growth of new vessels in retinal vein occlusion

Answer 25

VEGF

Question 26

symptom of temporary vision loss due to lack of blood flow to eye

Answer 26

amaurosis fugax

Question 27

why is wet macular degeneration worse than dry

Answer 27

growth of new vessels in wet

Question 28

RFs of macular degeneration

Answer 28

• age
• smoking
• FH

Question 29

symptoms of macular degeneration (appearance/ sides)

Answer 29

• wavy appearance to straight lines

- loss of peripherals

Question 30

most common presentation of MS is … which also presents with

Answer 30

• optic neuritis

- optic nerve demyelination & loss of vision

Question 31

blocked duct that goes into nose leading to watery eyes

Answer 31

blocked nasolacrimal duct

Question 32

RFs blocked nasolacrimal duct (5)

Answer 32

• congenital
• age
• infection
• cancerous
• inflammation

Question 33

swollen itchy eyelids (can be crusty)

Answer 33

blepharitis

Question 34

bacterial source of blepharitis

Answer 34

atopic dermatitis