Ocular Emergencies ==> blindness Flashcards
how does acute closed angular glaucoma raise intraocular pressure
aqueous fluid build up in anterior chamber
causes of acute closed angular glaucoma (4)
- cataracts
- diabetic retinopathy
- FH
- tumours
what does the iris block in acute closed angular glaucoma
canal of schlemn
acute closed angular glaucoma Tx
laser iridotomy
typical pathogen of orbital cellulitis
staph aureus
vasculitis of the temporal arteries that is related to polymyalgia rheumatica
giant cell (temporal) arteritis
conjunctivitis is an inflammation/redness of the conjunctiva which is located
between sclera & inside lids
conjunctivitis Tx if not self-resolved
chloramphenicol
ulceration of cornea due to infection
keratinitis
Abx used in keratinitis (corneal ulcers)
chloramphenicol
risk of keratinitis is increased in
contact lenses
uvetitis is an inflammation of
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid
AI conditions associated with uvetitis
- IBD
- reactive arthritis
- steroids
inflammation of sclera associated with AI conditions
episcleritis/scleritis
vitreous body detaching away from retina
posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)
PVD is common in
old people
explain the floaters + pain-free nature of PVD
brain gets used to it
retinal detachment is a result of
retinal tear –> aqueous fluid in space between retina & choroid
conditions that increase the risk of retinal detachment
- PVD
- diabetic retinopathy
- trauma
- FH
classic symptoms of retinal detachment
flashes + floaters
causes of central retinal artery occlusion
- atherosclerosis
- giant cell arteritis
- polymyalgia rheumatica
describe loss of vision in central retinal artery occlusion
painless
central retinal artery & retinal vein occlusion Tx
steroids
why is there macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion
thrombus –> pooling
why is there growth of new vessels in retinal vein occlusion
VEGF
symptom of temporary vision loss due to lack of blood flow to eye
amaurosis fugax
why is wet macular degeneration worse than dry
growth of new vessels in wet
RFs of macular degeneration
- age
- smoking
- FH
symptoms of macular degeneration (appearance/ sides)
- wavy appearance to straight lines
- loss of peripherals
most common presentation of MS is … which also presents with
- optic neuritis
- optic nerve demyelination & loss of vision
blocked duct that goes into nose leading to watery eyes
blocked nasolacrimal duct
RFs blocked nasolacrimal duct (5)
- congenital
- age
- infection
- cancerous
- inflammation
swollen itchy eyelids (can be crusty)
blepharitis
bacterial source of blepharitis
atopic dermatitis
