Ocular emergencies Flashcards
Name 3 types of scleritis
diffuse
nodular
necrotising
What diseases are associated with scleritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
SLE
Polyarteritis nodosa
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies
GPA
Sarcoidosis
IBD
Sjogren’s
Syphilis
Post-herpes zoster ophthalmicus
TB
Gout
Lyme disease
Are acids or alkalis worse for the eye?
alkalis
Chemical eye injuries treatment
wash with plenty (several litres) of saline and water
check pH of tear film
remove any particulate matter if safe
What diseases are associated with iritis?
80% idiopathic
HLAB27 +ve
RA
Behcet’s
Crohn’s
SLE
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma
Ulcerative colitis
TB
Lyme disease
Syphilis
Lymphoma
Malignant melanoma
Iritis treatment
topical steroid drops
topical dilating drops
may need periocular steroids or PO steroids if not responding
Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma
hypermetropia
pain
red eye
reduced vision
coloured haloes
nausea and vomiting
fixed mid-dilated pupil
raised IOP
How can retinal detachment occur?
tear in retina
fluid gets behind retina and floats it off
Retinal detachment symptoms
floaters and flashes
How is retinal detachment treated?
surgery
Signs of optic neuropathy
reduced vision
RAPD
red desaturation/colour vision defects
reduced brightness appreciation
visual field defect
What are the early and late signs of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?
early = swollen optic disc
late = pale optic disc (atrophy)
What is endophthalmitis?
infection within eye
Signs of endophthalmitis
reduced visual acuity
mild photophobia
circumcorneal injection
cells+++/hypopyon
reduced red reflex
What are the 2 causes of endophthalmitis?
endogenous - infection spread from elsewhere
exogenous
