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Board study > Ocular Disease > Flashcards

Ocular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Burn ?which one more severe ?

A

Alkali ex calcium hydroxide, iscemia –> white scar in cornea

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2
Q

Cornea abrasion caused by trauma

A

sharp pain foreign body sensation , Stain with Fl with NO SEI ( subepithelial infiltrate

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3
Q

how to differentiate between cornea ulcer Vs corneal abrasion

A

Ulcer –> stain with FL + SEI

Abrasion –> stain with NO SEI

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4
Q

penetrating ocular injury

A

1- hyphema
2- + siedle’s sign
3- low IOP
4- commotio retinae

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5
Q

what are the two things u do not perform when pt has hyphema

A

Gonio

scleral depression

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6
Q

what the cause of Idiopathic Hyphemas ?( usually sickle cell)

A

using blood thinner

consider order CBC complete blood count

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7
Q

what test u do not do when pt has metal foreign body

A

DO not order MRI

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8
Q

what signs associate with intraocular foreign body

A

TIDs ( iris transillumination defect)

+ seidel’s test

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9
Q

Orbital fracture ? signs /symp

A

weakest bone is maxillary, crepitus , diplopia , pain

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10
Q

which nerve and muscle affected with orbital fracture ?

A

1- trapped inferior rectus ( limiting upgaze )
2- infraorbital nerve causing hypoesthesia of the cheek
3- preorbital crepitus

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11
Q

vossius ring

A

pigmented ring on the anterior lensresult from the contact with posterior pig epi of iris

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12
Q

choroidal rupture ?

A

subretinal hemes , temporal posterior pole

can lead to CNVM

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13
Q

preceptal cellulitis VS orbital

A 
preceptal :
1- more common 
2- anterior to the septum 
3- acute hordeolum , upper respiratory and ear infection
orbital :
1- posterior to the septum 
3- sinus infection ( ethmoid )
3- treated with IV antibiotic 
4- pain with EOM , fever, APD, diplopia , proptoosis
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14
Q

what diabetes and immunocompromised patient with orbital cellulitis can develop ?

A

mucormycosis ( fungal infection )life threatening and ( BLACK eschar ) in mouth and nose

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15
Q

Thyroid eye disease ?

Grave’s Opthalmopathy ?

A

1- mimic TSH , Symp –> loss hair , loss wight, increase HR, around 40 years old
2- smoking the most risk factor
3- Autoimmune disorder by TSH receptor antibodies against EOMs
3- ( MOST common cause of UNIlateral OR BILateral proptosis in middle age
4- affect inferior rectus first ( I AM SO LASY)

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16
Q

what are the signs of thyroid ? which muscle will affected

A 
1- proptosis , upper lid retraction 
2- staring ( Dalrymple's sign)
3- INferior rectus ( I am so lazy )
inferior > medial > superior >lateral 
4- SLK ( cornea )
4- compress ONH
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17
Q

Van graef’s sign ?

A

upper eye lid lag during down gaze

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18
Q

Kocher’s sign

A

globe lag compared to lid mov, when look up

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19
Q

how to diagnose thyroid ?

A

blood work ( T3 , T4 , TSH

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20
Q

what are the normal hetero exophthalmometry ?

A

12-22 mm for caucasian
12-18 Asian
12-24 African american

Abnormal id difference >3 mm

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21
Q

what is Carotid cavernous fistula ? CCF

A

1- 20 yrs old male , car accident , no hemlit , no itch
1- abnormal communication bet arterial and venous system
build up pressure in caveranous sinus and can not drain fast enough
2- chemosis , pulsatile , proptosis , ocular bruit

22
Q

most commonbenign tumor in children , in adult ?

A

1- in chinldren capillary hemangioma

2- in adult cavernous hemangioma

23
Q

most common pediatric orbital malignancy tumor ?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

24
Q

most common intrinsic tumor of the optic nerve

A

optic nerve Glioma , associate with AD neurofibromatosis
cafe au lait spots
lish nodle in iris

25
Q

what is contact dermatitis ?

A

Type 4 hypersenstivity rxn( make up, or meds)

signs: periorbital swelling rediness itching

26
Q

steven johnson syndrom

A

1- Type 3 hypersensitivity
2- drug induced ( sulfonamide
3- or from infectio HVS
4- entopion , ectropion , meibomian gland damage
5- (symblepharon)
partial or complete adhesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the eyelid to the bulbar conjunctiva of the eyeball.

27
Q

Blepharitis

A

staphylococcal

28
Q

chalazion ?

what we worry about when recurrent ?

A 
ask about ( acne resacae)
recurrent chalazion= sebaceous gland carcinoma
29
Q

Horeolum?

A

Hurts , staphylococcus
2- internal –> meibomian gland
3- external –> Zies and moll

30
Q

Ectropion ?

Entopion ?

A

1- eversion of eye lid away from the globe –> exposure kerhtopathy
2- inversion of eye lid against the globe

31
Q

what is the most common cause of age related loss muscle tone of orbicularis oculi

A

Ectropion

32
Q

what is the # cause trachoma ?

A

Entropion

33
Q

Distichiasis

trichiasis

A

Distichiasis–>second row grow

trichiasis –>eye lash grow posterior from their site

34
Q

Floppy eye lid syndrome

A

1- most common in obese men with obstructive sleep apnea

treat with sea pap

35
Q

BEB Vs Myokymia?

A

BEB–> benign essential blepharospasm affect 3 muscles
orbicularis , procure and corrugator

Myokymia–> only one muscle orbicularis oculi

36
Q

what is the most common skin cancer in US?

A

Basal cell carcinoma BCC associate with sun , shiny nodule , (rodent ulcer )

37
Q

what is the most aggressive skin cancer ?

A

squamous cell carcinoma SCC

associate iwth UVB, actinic keratosis

38
Q

what associate with sebaceous gland carcinoma ?

A

recurrent chalazion

39
Q

malignant melanoma

A 
ABCDE
A--> asymmetry 
B : border irregular 
C: color difference
D large diameter 
E enlargement of the lesion

the depth and the size is the most important

40
Q

Dacryoadenitis VS Dacrocystitis

A

infection of lacrimal gland

Lacrimal sac infection ( pain) –> obstruction of the lacrimal drainge

41
Q

Canaliculitis

A 
inflammation of canaliculi associate with :
Actinomyces israeli (  yellow sulfur granules )
42
Q

Punctal stenosis

A

narrow puncta, in older age, epiphora is most common symptoms

43
Q

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction

A

valve of hanser problem massage it to open it usually new born

44
Q

Jones I Vs Jones II

A

jones I –> Fl when blow the nose + –> open

Jones II –> taste it –>No FL(-) –> open

45
Q

what is ocular Rosacea ?

A

sebaceous gland problem ( lipid layer ) ( meibomian gland)
Signs: telangiectasia , rhinophyma, facial slushing ( butterfly rash)
ALso : DRY EYE–>SPK–> Keratinization

46
Q

What else causes Keratinization ?

A

IgA deficiency

47
Q

what contraindication to Thyroid disease ?

A

Do not use Phen 10% ,

48
Q

Orbital Psudo tumor ?

A

unilateral, middle age, pain in proptosis , CHEMOSIS,

49
Q

how to treat oribtal psudo tumor ?

A

CT scan , IV steroid

50
Q

what is associated with ocular rosacea ?

A

it is Dry eye due to sebaceuos gland problem ,

Periophral SEI , Chalazian , Hordulum , Dry eye

Board study (18 decks)

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