OCR ALevel Biology - Module 2 - Definitions - Topic 2.1 : Cell structure Flashcards
What are centrioles?
Structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce the spindle fibres during mitosis.
What are chloroplasts?
Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis.
What are cilia?
Small hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells.
What is confocal microscopy?
A type of microscopy that uses lasers to scan a specimen point by point to produce an image.
What is the cytoskeleton?
A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intracellular transport.
What is differential staining?
Using multiple different stains to distinguish different parts of a specimen.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles.
What are flagella?
A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins.
What is a light microscope?
A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off a specimen.
What are lysosomes?
Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme.
What is magnification?
How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object calculated using the following formula:
What is a mitochondrion?
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration.
What is the nuclear envelope?
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
What is the nucleolus?
A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesizing new ribosomes.
What is the nucleus?
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.
What is the plasma membrane?
A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the cell and many organelles.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A type of cell that does not contain any membrane bound organelles or a nucleus.
What is resolution?
The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.
What are ribosomes?
Organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that are involved in the synthesis of proteins.
What is rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins.
What is a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image.
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis.
What is a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample to produce an image.
