OCR ALevel Biology - Module 2 - Definitions - Topic 2.1 : Cell structure

Question 1

What are centrioles?

Answer 1

Structures found in the cytoplasm made of microtubules that produce the spindle fibres during mitosis.

Question 2

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 2

Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis.

Question 3

What are cilia?

Answer 3

Small hair-like structures that project from the surface of cells.

Question 4

What is confocal microscopy?

Answer 4

A type of microscopy that uses lasers to scan a specimen point by point to produce an image.

Question 5

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 5

A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intracellular transport.

Question 6

What is differential staining?

Answer 6

Using multiple different stains to distinguish different parts of a specimen.

Question 7

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 7

A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles.

Question 8

What are flagella?

Answer 8

A whip-like structure found on bacterial cells that is used for cell movement.

Question 9

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins.

Question 10

What is a light microscope?

Answer 10

A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the visible light reflecting off a specimen.

Question 11

What are lysosomes?

Answer 11

Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolytic enzyme called lysozyme.

Question 12

What is magnification?

Answer 12

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object calculated using the following formula:

Question 13

What is a mitochondrion?

Answer 13

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is the site of aerobic respiration.

Question 14

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 14

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

Question 15

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 15

A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesizing new ribosomes.

Question 16

What is the nucleus?

Answer 16

An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.

Question 17

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 17

A semipermeable lipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the cell and many organelles.

Question 18

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 18

A type of cell that does not contain any membrane bound organelles or a nucleus.

Question 19

What is resolution?

Answer 19

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.

Question 20

What are ribosomes?

Answer 20

Organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that are involved in the synthesis of proteins.

Question 21

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Answer 21

A membrane-bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins.

Question 22

What is a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

Answer 22

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen to produce an image.

Question 23

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Answer 23

A membrane-bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis.

Question 24

What is a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

Answer 24

A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample to produce an image.