Ocnquiz12

Question 1

Give the evolutionary History of Marine animals

Answer 1

Marine animals were all once land animals. Many suggest that these animals returned to the ocean due to the abundance of food

Question 2

List the characteristics shared by all mammals

Answer 2

Warm blooded
they breathe air
they have hair
they bear live young
The females of each species have mammary glands

Question 3

list the three mammalian (taxonomic) orders

Answer 3

Carnivora
sineria
cetacea

Question 4

list the three types of animals in order Carnivora.

Answer 4

sea otters, polar bears, and pennipeds

Question 5

list the three types of pinnipeds

Answer 5

walruses, seals, and sea lions

Question 6

Where is the sea otter habitat

Answer 6

Kelp beds in the costal water on the eastern north pacific ocean

Question 7

Explain why sea otters require a high caloric diet?

Answer 7

Because they lack the insulate effects of blubber

Question 8

Explain why polar bears have hollow hairs

Answer 8

for better insulation

Question 9

Where is the polar bear habitat

Answer 9

the arctic

Question 10

to list the two types of animals in order Sirenia.

Answer 10

Manatees and dugongs

Question 11

Where are the manatee and dugong habitats?

Answer 11

Manatees are concentrated in the costal areas of the tropical atlantic, while dugongs are concentrated in the tropical parts of the indian and western pacific oceans

Question 12

Give the primary food for sirenians

Answer 12

Shallow water costal grasses

Question 13

Give two reasons why sirenians are listed as endangered species

Answer 13

Their ecosystem is endangered due to humans, for sirenians live in costal waters where humans commerce, use of recreation, and development, and water disposal, which kills their habitat and food sources

Question 14

List the characteristics shared by all cetaceans

Answer 14

An elongated skull
blowholes ontop of skulls
very few hairs
a horizontal fin called a fluke that is used for propulsion by vertical movements

Question 15

Explain how cetaceans’ skin evolved to permit increased swimming speeds.

Answer 15

their outer layer skin is 80 percent water, containing spongey narrow canals which decreases pressure at the skin

Question 16

How have cetaceans evolved to be able to dive to depths deeper than 2800 m?

Answer 16

cetaceans have evolved to have structures that allow them to use oxygen efficiently, muscular adaptations, and the ability to resist nitrogen narcosis

Question 17

Contrast the oxygen usage per breath for cetaceans and humans

Answer 17

Cetaceans take about 1 to 3 breathes per minute while humans take 15 breathes per minute

Question 18

Explain how cetaceans’ muscles evolved to permit deep dives

Answer 18

their muscle tissue is relatively insensitive to high levels of carbon dioxide. their muscles can continue to function through anaerobic respiration when oxygen becomes depleted

Question 19

Explain how cetaceans evolved to reduce nitrogen absorption in blood during deep dives.

Answer 19

Cetaceans have collapsable rib cages, so the lungs can collapse to remove all air from the alveoli. this prevents blood from absorbing gases, minimizing nitrogen narcosis

Question 20

List the two cetacean suborders and give and example of each type.

Answer 20

Odontocetti (dolphins, porpoises, killer whales, and sperm whales) and mysticeti (blue whale, finback whale, and humpback whale, grey whale)

Question 21

Which cetacean is the most vocal

Answer 21

Odontocetti (the sperm whale)

Question 22

Describe the morphological differences between porpoises and dolphins.

Answer 22

Both exhibit porpoising
porpoises are smaller and have more stout , triangular fins , and blunt teeth
Dolphins are more elongated and streamlined, have longer rostrums, sickle shaped fins, pointy teeth

Question 23

Give the uses of echolocation by cetaceans

Answer 23

it’s used to determine the distance and location of objects

helps to stun prey

Question 24

Explain how the increasing number of ships is affection cetaceans

Answer 24

there is growing concern that noise population in the ocean is affecting cetaceans. this noise is unknown to affect behavior and communication

Question 25

Explain why some scientists think that dolphins are highly intelligent

Answer 25

They can communicate using sounds
Dolphins have been known to save drowning people
Their brains are proportionally bigger than their body
their brains are highly convoluted