ocnquiz10

Question 1

1. Which percentage of the known species on Earth are marine species? (Also see fig. 12.9)

Answer 1

represent 14 percent

Question 2

2. Explain why there are relatively few marine species.

Answer 2

the relatively uniform conditions of the ocean do not pressure organisms to adapt, producing less species/

Question 3

3. Give the percentages of marine species that are benthic compared to those that are pelagic. (Also see fig 12.9)

Answer 3

pelagic consist of 2 percent, while benthic consist of 98 percent.

Question 4

4. Explain why 98% of marine species are benthic.

Answer 4

The ocean floor contain more variability; therefore, organisms adapt more frequently, producing more species, while the pelagic is uniform throughout, so organisms aren’t pressured to adapt, producing less species.

Question 5

5. Explain why terrestrial organisms have complex plumbing systems compared to marine organisms.

Answer 5

terrestrial organisms have a complex plumbing system, for they need water regulation throughout their body to adapt to changes in their environment. the plumbing system helps retain water and cycles it throughout the body, while marine organisms are surrounds by water and are not at risk of drying out.

Question 6

6. List the two main marine environments. (Also see fig. 12.25)

Answer 6

Pelagic

Benthic

Question 7

7. List the two primary pelagic provinces. (Also see fig. 12.21)

Answer 7

neritic province and oceanic province

Question 8

8. Define the neritic province. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 557)

Answer 8

the portion of pelagic environment from the shoreline to the depth of 200 meters

Question 9

9. Define the oceanic province. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 558)

Answer 9

the division of the pelagic environment that is greater than 200 meters.

Question 10

10. List the oceanic province’s four biozones. (Also see fig. 12.21)

Answer 10

epipelagic
mesopelagic
bathypelagic
abyssopelagic

Question 11

11. Define the epipelagic. (Also see fig. 12.25, fig. 12.26, and p. 551)

Answer 11

from the surface to 200 meters depth

Question 12

12. Define the mesopelagic. (Also see fig. 12.25, fig. 12.26, and p. 556)

Answer 12

from 200 meters to 1000 meters

Question 13

13. Define the bathypelagic. (Also see fig. 12.25, fig. 12.26, and p. 548)

Answer 13

from 1000 meters to 4000 meters

Question 14

14. Define the abyssopelagic. (Also see fig. 12.25, fig. 12.26, and p. 547)

Answer 14

includes all the deepest parts of the ocean below 4000 meters

Question 15

15. Give the single most important factor that determines the distribution of life in the oceanic province.

Answer 15

the availability of sunlight

Question 16

16. List the three pelagic zones based on the availability of sunlight. (Also see fig. 12.21)

Answer 16

euphotic
disphotic
aphotic

Question 17

17. Define the euphotic zone. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 552)

Answer 17

Extends from the surface to rarely about 100 meters

Question 18

18. Define the disphotic zone. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 551)

Answer 18

extends from the euphoric zone to 1000 meters. minimum sun light passes through

Question 19

19. Define the aphotic zone. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 547)

Answer 19

no sunlight, below 1000 meters

Question 20

20. Explain why oxygen concentration begin to decrease below 200 m. (Also see fig. 12.26)

Answer 20

unavailability of sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 21

21. Define the oxygen minimum zone (OML). (Also see fig. 12.26 and p. 558)

Answer 21

a zone of low oxygen concentration from a depth of 700 meters to 1000 meters

Question 22

22. Give the depth range of the OML. (Also see fig. 12.26)

Answer 22

about 700 meters to 1000 meters

Question 23

23. Which percentage of the ocean is the aphotic zone?

Answer 23

75 percent

Question 24

.25. Explain why oxygen concentrations increase below the OML. (Also see fig. 12.26)

Answer 24

the OML is replenished by deep currents originating from polar regions that bring in cold water with high oxygen levels

Question 25

26. Define the supralittoral. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 562 (supratidal))

Answer 25

The transitional region between land and sea floor during the spring high tide line.

Question 26

27. List the two benthic provinces. (Also see fig. 12.25)

Answer 26

subneritic province

suboceanic province

Question 27

28. Define the subneritic province. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 562)

Answer 27

Extends from the spiny high tide shoreline to a depth of 200 meters

Question 28

29. Define the suboceanic province. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 562)

Answer 28

includes all benthic regions below 200 meters

Question 29

30. List the two subneritic zones. (Also see fig. 12.25)

Answer 29

littoral and sublittoral zones

Question 30

31. Define the littoral zone. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 555)

Answer 30

the benthic zone between the highest and the lowest spring tide shorelines

Question 31

32. Define the sublittoral. (Also see fig. 12.25)

Answer 31

Extends from the low tide shoreline out to about 200 meter depth

Question 32

35. List the three suboceanic zones. (Also see fig. 12.25)

Answer 32

bathyal
abyssal
hadal

Question 33

36. Define the bathyal zone. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 548)

Answer 33

Extends from a depth of 200 to 4000 meters and corresponds to the continental slope

Question 34

37. Define the abyssal zone. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 547)

Answer 34

extends from a depth of 4000 meters to 6000 meters and includes 80 percent of the benthic environment

Question 35

38. Define the hadal zone. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 553)

Answer 35

Extends below 6000 meters, consisting of deep trenches

Question 36

33. Define the inner sublittoral. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 554

Answer 36

Extends to a depth of about 50 meters where algae no longer can stay attached to the ocean bottom

Question 37

34. Define the outer sublittoral. (Also see fig. 12.25 and p. 558)

Answer 37

extends from the inner sublittoral zone out to 200 meters of the shelf break