OChem Reactions

Question 1

Type and products of reaction:

alkene + halogen

Answer 1

addition;
haloalkane

Double bond breaks, each carbon involved in the double bond bonds with one halogen each

Question 2

Type and products of reaction:

alkyne + halogen (in excess)

Answer 2

addition;
haloalkane

Triple bonds break, each carbon involved in the triple bond bonds with two halogens each

Question 3

Type and products of reaction:

alkyne + halogen (limited)

Answer 3

addition;
haloalkene

Triple bond turns into double bond, each carbon involved in the triple bond bonds with one halogen each

Question 4

Type and products of reaction:

alkene + compound with hydrogen

Answer 4

addition;
two compounds: major and minor

Double bond breaks, each carbon involved in the double bond bonds to one of the elements in the compound
Markonikov’s Rule: when the hydrogen is bonded to the carbon with more hydrogens, it is considered major

Question 5

Type and products of reaction:

alkane + halogen in UV light

Answer 5

substitution;
different compounds depending on concentration of halogen

The alkane’s C-H bonds are replaced with C-halogen bonds

Question 6

Type and products of reaction:

haloalkane in strong base (compounds with OCH2CH3)

Answer 6

elimination;
alkene + ethanol + salt

The carbon with the halogen bond in original haloalkane is replaced with double bond, ethanol comes from the base, salt is from halogen in original haloalkane + base

Question 7

Type and products of reaction:

alkene + water heated with acid catalyst

Answer 7

addition;
alcohol

Double bond breaks: one carbon involved in the double bond bonds with one hydrogen from water and the other bonds with the other two atoms in water, a hydroxyl group (OH)

Question 8

Type and products of reaction:

alcohol heated with acid catalyst

Answer 8

elimination;
alkene + water

hydroxyl group (OH) removed from carbon, one of the adjacent carbons also lose a hydrogen to form a double bond (alkene) and water (H2O)

Question 9

Type and products of reaction:

primary alcohol in oxidizing agent

Answer 9

oxidation;
aldehyde -> carboxylic acid

oxidation: carbons lose bonds with H to form bonds with O
first product: carbon and the hydroxyl group its bonded to both lose a H and forms double bond (C=O)
second product: the second H the carbon is bonded to is replaced with a hydroxyl group

Question 10

Type and products of reaction:

secondary alcohol in oxidizing agent

Answer 10

oxidation;
ketone

oxidation: carbons lose bonds with H to form bonds with O
carbon and the hydroxyl group its bonded to both lose a H and forms a double bond (C=O)

Question 11

Type and products of reaction:

alcohol + alcohol heated with acid catalyst

Answer 11

condensation;
ether + water

Both alochols lose their hydroxyl groups, bond with each other with an oxygen in between, the remaining two H and one O makes water

Question 12

Type and products of reaction:

aldehyde in oxidizing agent

Answer 12

oxidation
carboxylic acid

aldehyde loses its C-H bond to form a C-OH bond (O=C-OH makes a carboxlic acid)

Question 13

Type and products of reaction:

aldehyde in reducing agent

Answer 13

Reduction;
primary alcohol

Double bond with oxygen breaks, two H fills in bonds

Question 14

Type and products of reaction:

ketone in reducing agent

Answer 14

reduction;
secondary alcohol

Double bond with oxygen breaks, two H fills in bonds

Question 15

Type and products of reaction:

carboxylic acid + alcohol heated in acid catalyst

Answer 15

esterification: condensation;
ester + water

Question 16

Type and products of reaction:

ester + water heated in acid catalyst

Answer 16

esterification: hydrolysis;
carboxylic acid + alcohol