OChem And Biochem Flashcards
1
Q
Organic compounds and hydrocarbons
A
- Organic compounds: contain C
- Hydrocarbons: contain H & C
2
Q
Saturated hydrocarbons
A
- contains max amount of H for given # of C
- no multiple carbons
- no rings
- no substitutions for H other than C
3
Q
Alkanes
A
- only C-C
- single sigma bonds, from end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals sigma bonds are free to rotate
- suffix -ane
- line angle structure, skeletal
4
Q
Isomers
A
- same formula, different structure
- no isomers possible for 1-3 Carbon (example in notes)
- butane C4H10 has two isomers
- # of isomers increases exponentially with # of carbons
5
Q
Alkyl
A
- end C bonded to a larger molecule (instead of H)
6
Q
Additional prefix for alkyl
A
- iso = same, balanced, symmetrical
- sec = attached through secondary C
- tert = attached through tertiary C
See notes
7
Q
Naming alkanes
A
- Find the longest continuous carbon chain. This chain is the root (ending) of the compound name
- Start numbering Cs in the chain from the side that gives the first substituent the lowest number
- Identify each type of substituent in alphabetical order indicate the attachment carbons and total number of each type of substituent
- #-# substituents #-ane
8
Q
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
A
- Alkenes and alkynes
- multiple bonds, restrict rotation
- contain 1 sigma-bond (end-to-end overlap of AOS) + 1 or more pi-bonds (side-to-side overlap of unhybridized orbitals, usually p-orbitals)
9
Q
Hydrogenation
A
- animal fats & vegetable oils are both triglycerides
- animal fats have mixtures of mostly saturated chains that are stacked efficiently leading to LDFs
- complete hydrogenation breaks all carbon-carbon double bonds
- partial hydrogenation leads to trans fats (behave like sat fats but can’t be broken down by body)
10
Q
Aromatic compounds
A
- Contain 6-C rings that correspond double and single bonds
- pi electrons delocalized (some spread over 3+ atoms)
- adds stability bc there is loss electron-electron repulsion (further apart)
11
Q
Substitution rxns
A
- benzene rings tend to undergo substitution rxns in which H or side group is replaced by another bc addition disrupts resonance
12
Q
Esthers
A
- formed by a concentration rxn between a carboxylic acid(contain O and OH-) and an alcohol (OH-)
13
Q
Hydrolysis
A
- reverse of condensation rxn
14
Q
Amides
A
- formed by a condensation rxn between a carboxylic acid and an amine
15
Q
Amides
A
- neutral
