OCEB2 OMG Certification Flashcards
Name Porter’s Five Forces
Suppliers Customers Potential competitors Substitute products Rivalry among competitors
Where does STEP stand for (in context of market analysis)?
Sociological/demographic - Technological - Economic – Political
What are the primary and supporting activities of the Value Chain?
Primary: Inbound logistics; Operations; Outbound logistics; Marketing and Sales; Service
Supporting: Firm infrastructure; HR management; Technology
What are the main project management tasks?
Initiation; Planning; Execution; Control; Closing
List the cost types
Fixed - Variable - Overhead
What is the definition of working capital?
Short term assets - short term liabilities
What is the definition of Return on Investment
Earning / Capital employed
List 5 characteristics of a business process
They involve several actions, steps, and activities.
They usually involve various organizational units (departments, enterprises, etc.).
They basically describe an action, decision, and cooperation.
They are targeted.
The result represents a value for an (internal or external) customer.
What is the difference between a private, a public and a collaborative business process
Private: only internal processes
Public: also interactions with outside orgs; process steps of external orgs not described
Collaborative: also describe process steps of external org
What are (Chang) the four principles of BPM?
- Processes are assets
- Processes must be managed
- Continuous improvement
- IT is essential enabler
What are (Chang) eight practices of BPM?
- Process-focused org
- Nominate process owner
- Top down (support) and bottom up (improvements)
- IT: to monitor, control, analyse, improve
- Establish relations with business partners
- Bonus system
- Training and improvement
- Leaps and steps <- changing markets & customer expectations
List 4 activities/goals of a process engine in a BPM Suite
- Support design
- Generate process instances
- Assign user tasks
- Track and store execution data
What are the five stages in designing executable process models?
- User tasks - service tasks
- Check if some user tasks can be -> service tasks
- Check activities for identical level of granularity (1:1:1)
- Adapt process diagram
- Specify attributes of executability (use executable level of BPMN, define process variables, record execution rules, consider BPMS specific details)
What are the elements in the “Ends” part in the Business Motivation Model?
Vision
Desired results: goals - objectives
Influencers: external - internal
Assessment
What are the elements in the “Means” part in the Business Motivation Model?
Mission
Courses of Action: Strategy; Tactics
Directives: Business policy; business rules
List (7) activity types
None Loop Multiple instance Ad hoc subprocess Transaction Compensation Call activity
List (6) behavior types of tasks
Abstract task Send & receive task (alternative for message trigger) Manual task User task Service task Script task
List (5) gateway types + notation
Data-based exclusive gateway (X)
Event-based exclusive gateway (dubbele cirkel) eg submit lecture scenario
Parallel gateway (+)
Inclusive gateway (enkele cirkel) eg post and/or email
Complex gateway (*)
List the 6 most commonly used event (types?), based on trigger
None Message Timer Escalation Error Terminate
What are the five errors in diagram 6.65?
See book
Define regulation
published by legislative – compliance: mandatory - non-compliance: punishment
Define standard
Comprises rules; created and published by standardization organization; - non-compliance:
Nationally or internationally adopted: Norm
Define Control Model
= standard, but regarding implementation of rules
Define Principle
Generally acknowledged rule
Define guidelines
Set of principles
Define company policy
Formal document describing org’s attitude towards specific aspect – non-compliance: sanction
Define procedure.
Step-by-step instructions on how to implement a task
Define Organizational Control
Activity to control adherence to company policies & guidelines
Define Corporate Governance
Set of processes and directives that lead, control, manage enterprise; influenced by Directives
Define Rule, self-regulatory
Contractual agreement – non-compliance: contractual fines, …
List 3 process frameworks
APQC’s PCF
SCOR (supply chain operations reference)
Value Reference Model
Describe how PCF works / how to use it + 2 enterprise level categories
Categorizes (1,000) processes hierarchically; find category (and group, and process) -> relevant assessment and best practices
Operating processes
Management and support processes
SCOR:
What are the top level management processes
What areas are excluded?
Plan - Source - Make - Deliver - Return
Excluded: marketing & sales, R&D, parts of customer service
What does VRM do + process levels
Supports orgs in connecting processes across functional unit boundaries; value chains
Process levels: Strategic; Tactical; Operational
List 4 quality frameworks
Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM)
Six Sigma
Toyota
ISO et al
What are the maturity levels in BPMM?
Initial Managed Standardized Predictable Innovative
What are the types of assessment in BPMM?
Starter: overview; compliance with BPMM; quantitative data determined
Progress: all processes of a maturity level examined; progress towards higher level or confirmatory; quantitative data compared with review’s results
Supplier: = progress, but no internal employees
Confirmatory: detailed; enterprise can publicize
What are the role names in Six Sigma?
Program manager: introduction and implementation of Six Sigma
Champion: Promotes Six Sigma; assigns roles
Master Black Belt: coach and trainer
Black Belt: manage projects
Green Belt: leaders in Six Sigma projects
Yellow Belt: support Black and Green Belts; small projects
What are the steps in Six Sigma?
Define improvement goals
Measure current process
Analyse current process -> improvement opportunities
Improve process
Control process: incl standardization of new measures
What are the (focus, generic) areas where Six Sigma can be deployed?
Thinking
Processing
Designing
Managing
How is a quality characteristic referred to in Six Sigma + examples?
CTX
CTD: critical to delivery
CTC: critical to cost
What is a Process Management Summary in Six Sigma?
Presents CTX collectively; overview -> monitoring -> manageable
Makes visible all critical process output parameters
What does the Process Control Plan do in Six Sigma?
Maps the process input parameters
List the ISO standards + what they do
9000: principles and terms of quality improvement
9001: requirements of quality management system
9004: how to improve quality management system
19011: guideline for auditing quality management system
What does COBIT stand for (governance framework)
Control objectives for information and related technology
List the perspectives in Balanced Score Card
Financial
Customer: focus on vision of enterprise
Internal business processes: focus on processes that are necessary to meet shareholder’s and customer’s expectations
Learning and growth
What is the difference between KPI and CSF?
KPI: measures the degree of fulfillment of a goal or CSF
CSF: internally or externally determined; property that is necessary to achieve a goal; CSF can have several KPI’s
