Oceanography Section 4

Question 1

What are the levels of the biosphere

Answer 1

1. Biosphere - basically just earth
2. Biome - large group of plants and animals in a similar climate
3. Ecosystem - small group of interacting plants and animals and environment
4. Community - all living organisms in the ecosystem
5. Population - a single species
6. Individual - a single organism

Question 2

What is Symbiosis

Answer 2

Interaction between organisms in an ecosystem

Question 3

name the types of symbiosis

Answer 3

Mutualism - both organisms benefit
Commensalism - one animal benefits, the other is unaffected
Parasitism - one animal benefits, the other is harmed

Question 4

what is a food web and a food chain

Answer 4

Food web - a diagram that shows feeding connections in a ecological community
Food chain - one line of feeding connections in a food web

Question 5

Name the trophic levels (only 4)

Answer 5

Primary producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer

Question 6

What is the 10% rule?

Answer 6

Organisms only get 10% of the energy of the organism they eat or absorb energy of.

Question 7

What is an autotroph and the 2 types of autotrophs

Answer 7

Autotroph - organisms that make their own food
Photoautotroph - makes food through photosynthesis
Chemoautotroph - makes food using energy from the oxidation of chemicals

Question 8

What is a heterotroph and its types

Answer 8

Heterotroph - organisms that get food from other organisms
Consumer - consumes live or recently killed animals
Scavenger/Detritivore - consumes dead animals
Saprotroph - absorbs non-living organic matter (like mushrooms and bacteria)

Question 9

What are plankton and name 2

Answer 9

Plankton - microscopic, movement depends on currents
Phytoplankton - primary producers
Zooplankton - primary consumers, eat phytoplankton

Question 10

What are Nekton?

Answer 10

Animals that swim freely, independent of Ocean currents

Question 11

What is the Littoral zone

Answer 11

the shore

Question 12

What is the Neritic zone

Answer 12

shallow part of ocean, before continental dropoff

Question 13

What is the Oceanic zone

Answer 13

Beyond continental shelf drop-off

Question 14

What is the photic, euphotic and aphotic zones

Answer 14

Photic - theres sunlight
Euphotic - enough sunlight for photosynthesis
Aphotic - no sunlight

Question 15

What is the Intertidal zone

Answer 15

Between low and high tides, on shore, basically Littoral zone

Question 16

Pelagic zone

Answer 16

Open ocean, above sea floor

Question 17

Benthic zone

Answer 17

Bottom of ocean, organisms attach, burrow under or crawl across sea floor

Question 18

Abyssal zone

Answer 18

really deep, sparse life

Question 19

Epipelagic zone

Answer 19

0-200m, photosynthesis is possible

Question 20

Mesopelagic zone(twilight zone)

Answer 20

200-1000m, limited light, less oxygen

Question 21

Bathypelagic zone

Answer 21

1000-4000m, dark zone, water pressure is high and water is cold

Question 22

Abyssopelagic zone

Answer 22

4000-6000m, past continental slope, basically abyssal zone

Question 23

Hadopelagic zone

Answer 23

over 6000m, places like Mariana trench, just very deep

Question 24

Biotic factors

Answer 24

Living parts of an ecosystem that interact with the ecosystem. Things like plants, animals like beavers

Question 25

Abiotic factors

Answer 25

Non-living parts of an ecosystem that interact with the ecosystem. Things like sunlight, temp, water, salt and freshwater