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STUDY SETS > Oceanography Final Review > Flashcards

Oceanography Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

The Earth is approximately how old?

A

Approximately 4.6 billion years old.

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2
Q

How much of Earth’s surface is covered by water?

A

About 71% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

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3
Q

Ocean water makes up what percent of water on Earth?

A

97% of Earth’s water is found in the oceans.

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4
Q

Reasons for the importance of oceans on our planet: (Learn 2)

A

Regulate global climate by absorbing heat and carbon dioxide.
Provide oxygen through marine photosynthesis (phytoplankton).
Support biodiversity and marine ecosystems.
Serve as a major source of food and resources.
Facilitate global transportation and trade.

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5
Q

Oceanography is classified under which branches of science?

A

Geology: Study of seafloor structures and plate tectonics.
Biology: Study of marine organisms and ecosystems.
Chemistry: Analysis of seawater composition and chemical cycles.
Physics: Study of currents, waves, and ocean-atmosphere interactions.
Meteorology: Focus on how oceans influence weather and climate.

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6
Q

Ocean chart (Study the image)

A

https://www.imghippo.com/i/UByh1730Lgc.png

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7
Q

Youngest ocean and why?

A

Southern ocean. It formed approximately 30 million years ago when the Antarctic Circumpolar Current developed, isolating Antarctica and forming a unique ocean.

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8
Q

How are Earth’s oceans important to the global climate?

A

They absorb and distribute heat, driving global climate patterns.
Oceans store CO2, buffering atmospheric changes.
A decrease in ocean size could lead to more extreme weather and reduced biodiversity. An increase or rise in temperature could accelerate sea level rise and climate instability.

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9
Q

Importance of the high heat capacity of water

A

Water’s ability to absorb and release heat stabilizes global temperatures, reducing extreme temperature swings.

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10
Q

Nansen Bottle

A

Collects deep-sea water samples.

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11
Q

Refractometer

A

Measures salinity.

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12
Q

AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle)

A

Conducts underwater research autonomously.

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13
Q

ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)

A

Operated remotely to explore deep oceans.

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14
Q

Deep Worker

A

Manned submersible for individual research.

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15
Q

CTD Rosette

A

Measures conductivity, temperature, and depth.

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16
Q

Sonde

A

Measures water properties like temperature and salinity.

17
Q

Current Meter

A

Measures water flow speed and direction.

18
Q

Current Drifter

A

Tracks water current movement.

19
Q

Secchi Disk

A

Measures water transparency.

20
Q

Sediment Grab

A

Collects seabed samples.

21
Q

FLIP (Floating Instrument Platform)

A

Research vessel for studying wave dynamics.

22
Q

Plankton Net

A

Collects plankton samples.

23
Q

First 100% scientific oceanographic expedition

A

The HMS Challenger Expedition (1872-1876) is considered the first dedicated scientific oceanographic voyage.

24
Q

Fridtjof Nansen Significance

A

Developed methods for Arctic exploration and ocean water studies.

25
Q

Jacques Cousteau Significance

A

Innovated scuba diving equipment and underwater research.

26
Q

Matthew Maury Significance

A

Father of modern oceanography; created first wind and ocean current maps.

27
Q

Charles Wyville Thomson Significance

A

Led the HMS Challenger Expedition.

28
Q

Ferdinand Magellan Significance

A

First circumnavigation of Earth, mapping key ocean routes.

29
Q

HMS Beagle Significance

A

Darwin’s exploration of biodiversity.

30
Q

HMS Challenger Significance

A

First pure oceanographic expedition.

31
Q

Turtle Significance

A

First military submarine.

32
Q

Trieste Significance

A

Reached Challenger Deep in 1960.

33
Q

Alvin Significance

A

Discovered hydrothermal vents.

34
Q

Fram Significance

A

Arctic exploration vessel used by Nansen.

35
Q

Meteor Significance

A

First systematic study of Atlantic Ocean.

36
Q

Outermost solid layer of Earth

A

Continental Crust

37
Q

What’s Hydrogen Bonding and three properties

A

Attraction between polar molecules involving hydrogen.
High heat capacity.
Surface tension.
Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water.

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