APES FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Question 1

(ED) What’s an Independent Variable?

Answer 1

The variable you intentionally change or manipulate

Question 2

(ED) What is a Dependent Variable?

Answer 2

The variable you measure in response to the treatment

Question 3

(ED) What is a Constant/Controlled Variable

Answer 3

Factors kept the same to ensure a fair test

Question 4

(ED) What is a control Group?

Answer 4

The group that does not receive the treatment; serves as a baseline.

Question 5

(ED) What is an Experimental Group?

Answer 5

The groups receiving the treatment

Question 6

(M) What is the metric conversion for km to meters

Answer 6

1 km = 1000 m

Question 7

(M) What does MPG stand for and measure?

Answer 7

Miles Per Gallon, measures fuel efficiency.

Question 8

(M) What’s the equation to calculate MPG (Miles per gallon)

Answer 8

MPG = Total Miles Driven / Gallons of Fuel Used.

Question 9

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Tundra?

Answer 9

Mosses, lichens; polar bears, caribou.

Question 10

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Taiga (Boreal Forest)

Answer 10

Conifers; wolves, moose.

Question 11

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Temperate Forest

Answer 11

Deciduous trees; deer, foxes.

Question 12

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Desert

Answer 12

Cacti; snakes, camels.

Question 13

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Grassland (Savanna/Steppe)

Answer 13

Grasses; bison, lions.

Question 14

(TB) What latitude is a Tundra located at?

Answer 14

(60-75°N) Near the poles

Question 15

(TB) What latitude is a Temperate located at?

Answer 15

(30-60°) Mid-latitudes

Question 16

(TB) What latitude is a Tropical located at?

Answer 16

(0-30°) Near the equator

Question 17

(PP) What is Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

Answer 17

Total energy captured by producers.

Question 18

(PP) What is Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

Answer 18

Energy available to consumers after respiration.

Question 19

(PP) What is the formula for calculating Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

Answer 19

GPP = NPP (Net Primary Productivity) + R (energy used for respiration)

Question 20

(BGCC) What are the 4 steps in the Hydrologic Cycle?

Answer 20

Evaporation → Condensation → Precipitation → Runoff.

Question 21

(BGCC) What is the Phosphorus Cycle found in?

Answer 21

Found in rocks

Question 22

(BGCC) How does the Phosphorus Cycle enter into the soil?

Answer 22

Enters through the soil via weathering.

Question 23

(BGCC) What are the 5 steps in the Nitrogen Cycle?

Answer 23

Fixation → Nitrification → Assimilation → Ammonification → Denitrification.

Question 24

(BGCC) How is CO₂ cycled in the atmosphere?

Answer 24

Photosynthesis and respiration cycle CO₂

Question 25

(BGCC) What action adds more CO₂ into the environment?

Answer 25

The combustion of fossil fuels

Question 26

(BGCC) How does sulfur enter the atmosphere during the Sulfur Cycle?

Answer 26

Enters the atmosphere via volcanic activity.

Question 27

(BGCC) How does acid rain form in the Sulfur Cycle?

Answer 27

Acid rain forms with SO₂ (Sulfur Dioxide) + H₂O (Water)

Question 28

(PACR) What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

Answer 28

To convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy that is used for food in most plants.

Question 29

(PACR) What is the main purpose of Cellular respiration?

Answer 29

To break down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy.

Question 30

(PPR) What is carrying capacity?

Answer 30

The maximum population that a given area can sustain.

Question 31

(PRR) In a population growth curve, what letter shaped curve occurs in an ideal, unlimited environment?

Answer 31

a J shaped curve

Question 32

(PRR) In a population growth curve, what letter shaped curve occurs in an environment with pressures that slow down the rate of growth.

Answer 32

an S shaped curve

Question 33

(OD) What are the causes of Ozone depletion? What does it release? Why is it bad?

Answer 33

CFCs. Releases chlorine which breaks down the ozone layer.

Question 34

(OD) What is the beneficial Ozone? Where is it located?

Answer 34

Absorbs UV radiation. Located in the stratosphere.

Question 35

(OD) What's the basic Chemical reaction that happens with CFCs and the ozone layer.

Answer 35

O₃+Cl → ClO + O₂

Question 36

(OD) What substitutes were put in place for CFCs?

Answer 36

HCFCs / HFCs (now less harmful to ozone :D )

Question 37

(GCC) What is the Greenhouse Effect?