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STUDY SETS > APES FINAL EXAM REVIEW > Flashcards

APES FINAL EXAM REVIEW Flashcards

Review for the Gwinnett County APES final exam. (ED) = Experimental Design (M) = Math (TB) = Terrestrial Biomes (PP) = Primary Productivity (BGCC) = Biogeochemical Cycles (PACR) = Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (PPR) = Predator-Prey Relationships (GA) = Graph Analysis (OD) = Ozone Depletion (GCC) = Global Climate Change

1
Q

(ED) What’s an Independent Variable?

A

The variable you intentionally change or manipulate

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2
Q

(ED) What is a Dependent Variable?

A

The variable you measure in response to the treatment

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3
Q

(ED) What is a Constant/Controlled Variable

A

Factors kept the same to ensure a fair test

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4
Q

(ED) What is a control Group?

A

The group that does not receive the treatment; serves as a baseline.

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5
Q

(ED) What is an Experimental Group?

A

The groups receiving the treatment

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6
Q

(M) What is the metric conversion for km to meters

A

1 km = 1000 m

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7
Q

(M) What does MPG stand for and measure?

A

Miles Per Gallon, measures fuel efficiency.

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8
Q

(M) What’s the equation to calculate MPG (Miles per gallon)

A

MPG = Total Miles Driven / Gallons of Fuel Used.

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9
Q

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Tundra?

A

Mosses, lichens; polar bears, caribou.

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10
Q

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Taiga (Boreal Forest)

A

Conifers; wolves, moose.

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11
Q

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Temperate Forest

A

Deciduous trees; deer, foxes.

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12
Q

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Desert

A

Cacti; snakes, camels.

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13
Q

(TB) What plants and animals are found in a Grassland (Savanna/Steppe)

A

Grasses; bison, lions.

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14
Q

(TB) What latitude is a Tundra located at?

A

(60-75°N) Near the poles

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15
Q

(TB) What latitude is a Temperate located at?

A

(30-60°) Mid-latitudes

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16
Q

(TB) What latitude is a Tropical located at?

A

(0-30°) Near the equator

17
Q

(PP) What is Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

A

Total energy captured by producers.

18
Q

(PP) What is Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

A

Energy available to consumers after respiration.

19
Q

(PP) What is the formula for calculating Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

A

GPP = NPP (Net Primary Productivity) + R (energy used for respiration)

20
Q

(BGCC) What are the 4 steps in the Hydrologic Cycle?

A

Evaporation → Condensation → Precipitation → Runoff.

21
Q

(BGCC) What is the Phosphorus Cycle found in?

A

Found in rocks

22
Q

(BGCC) How does the Phosphorus Cycle enter into the soil?

A

Enters through the soil via weathering.

23
Q

(BGCC) What are the 5 steps in the Nitrogen Cycle?

A

Fixation → Nitrification → Assimilation → Ammonification → Denitrification.

24
Q

(BGCC) How is CO₂ cycled in the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis and respiration cycle CO₂

25
Q

(BGCC) What action adds more CO₂ into the environment?

A

The combustion of fossil fuels

26
Q

(BGCC) How does sulfur enter the atmosphere during the Sulfur Cycle?

A

Enters the atmosphere via volcanic activity.

27
Q

(BGCC) How does acid rain form in the Sulfur Cycle?

A

Acid rain forms with SO₂ (Sulfur Dioxide) + H₂O (Water)

28
Q

(PACR) What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?

A

To convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy that is used for food in most plants.

29
Q

(PACR) What is the main purpose of Cellular respiration?

A

To break down sugar in the presence of oxygen to release energy.

30
Q

(PPR) What is carrying capacity?

A

The maximum population that a given area can sustain.

31
Q

(PRR) In a population growth curve, what letter shaped curve occurs in an ideal, unlimited environment?

A

a J shaped curve

32
Q

(PRR) In a population growth curve, what letter shaped curve occurs in an environment with pressures that slow down the rate of growth.

A

an S shaped curve

33
Q

(OD) What are the causes of Ozone depletion? What does it release? Why is it bad?

A

CFCs. Releases chlorine which breaks down the ozone layer.

34
Q

(OD) What is the beneficial Ozone? Where is it located?

A

Absorbs UV radiation. Located in the stratosphere.

35
Q

(OD) What’s the basic Chemical reaction that happens with CFCs and the ozone layer.

A

O₃+Cl → ClO + O₂

36
Q

(OD) What substitutes were put in place for CFCs?

A

HCFCs / HFCs (now less harmful to ozone :D )

37
Q

(GCC) What is the Greenhouse Effect?

A

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