ocean's_biological_carbon_pump

Question 1

define ocean biological carbon pump

Answer 1

= ocean’s biologically driven sequetsration of carbon from the atmosphere to the oceaninterior/seafloor sediment

Question 2

what is the biological pump a part of?

Answer 2

the carbon cycle

Question 3

what happpens in phase one of the biological carbon pump?

Answer 3

inorganic carbon –>POM/POC

• fixation of carbon though phytoplankton in the euphotic zone (using C”, N, + other nutrients)
• calcifiers from their sekeletons

Question 4

what happens in phase 2 of the biological carbon pump?

Answer 4

sinking of particales and aggregate formation

Question 5

does all POC from phase 1 sink out?

Answer 5

no, a apt is immediately consumed by organsmsm

Question 6

what do phytoplankton species all have in common?

Answer 6

all are unicellular

all aof them do PS

Question 7

what are the 4 plankton groups?

Answer 7

phytoplankton
zooplankton
bacterioplankton
mykoplankton

Question 8

what does eutrophicmean?

Answer 8

high nutrient concentration:

• -> high availablity of bacteria
• -> high avaialability of phytoplankton

Question 9

what does oligotrophic mean:

Answer 9

low nutrient concentration:

–

Question 10

wie ist die beziehung/abhängigkeit zwischen heterotrophieem nanoplankton udn bakterien vorkommen?

Answer 10

linear

je mehr von dem einen desto mehr von dem anderen

Question 11

what is the concept behind the microbial loop?

Answer 11

nutrient recycling

Question 12

the microbial loop refers to the energy flow though the trophic layers
–> describe this energy flow

Answer 12

phytoplankton –> DOM—> bacteria–> protozoans–>zooplankton

Question 13

definition of the microbial loop

Answer 13

model of the recycling process of DOM through bacteria in pelagic ecosytstems.

Question 14

what is the chlorophyll concnetration an indicator for?

Answer 14

for phytoplankton mass

Question 15

finish this sentence:

the high the phytoplankton concnetration, ….

Answer 15

the larger the bacteria mass

Question 16

how does bacteria intake the DOM?

Answer 16

• phytoplankton dies (e.g. due virus –> viral lyses ) –> release thier content
• zooplankton chew through phytioplankton –> ripps phytoplankton apart
  ;remnence is released to the water , microbes eat the molecules
• nurients out of excretion

Question 17

there is a strong correlation between the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and the abundance of bacteria
-why

Answer 17

HNF graze on bacteria
–> similir to predator prey relation ship

oszilattion pattern

Question 18

there are different reasons for phytoplankton cells to die.

name 3

Answer 18

1. no light –> no PS
2. attacked by virus –> lysis
3. predation

Question 19

is there strong or weak interaction between the components of microbial and classical food web?

Answer 19

strong

Question 20

is the role of the microbial loop more important in oligotrophic or in eutrophic waters?

Answer 20

in oligotrophic water

Question 21

true or false:
in upwelling systems and meso- to eutrophic waters are strongly characterized by the microbial loop; more than oligotrophic waters

Answer 21

false
upwelling systems and meso- to eutrophic waters are usually characterized by a classical, linaer food chain.

late spring/summer –> limited nutrients :
plankton communities can be characterized by stong microbial food web

Question 22

true or false:
in upwelling systems and meso- to eutrophic waters are strongly characterized by the microbial loop; more than oligotrophic waters

Answer 22

false
upwelling systems and meso- to eutrophic waters are usually characterized by a classical, linaer food chain.

late spring/summer –> limited nutrients :
plankton communities can be characterized by stong microbial food web

Question 23

there are three ways of feeding

Answer 23

phototrophic
mixo-osmotrophic
heterophic

Question 24

what is mixotrophy

Answer 24

organism is flexibe in hi feeding mode, can swith betw. uptake of POM oder PS

Question 25

how does aggregation in phase 2 influences the sinking process?

Answer 25

the density gets higher –> sink down faster

Question 26

does all of the inking POM reaches the seaflor?

Answer 26

now part of it it degarded by all kin of organisms (which also feed on the bacteria on the aggragated particle)=

Question 27

why are surface water poor in nutrients and deep water high in nutrients?

Answer 27

because a huge amount of organic particles/ cells which have taken up nutrient out of the photic zone sink out, before their nutrient content is regenerated

Question 28

waht is marine snow?

Answer 28

aggregate formation, that has happened. contains a lot of different particels

• bacteria which is attached
• fecal pellets
• exoscleteons

all glued together by TEP (tranparent exopolymer particles)

Question 29

on what does the transfer efficiencyof the biological pump depends on?

Answer 29

• depends on how much sinking POC is remineralized/consumed by biota within the twhiight zone

Question 30

what does reminierlized mean?

Answer 30

THOSE PARTICLE WHICH ARE ALSO CONSUMED WHILE SINKING down release minerals, which agian sink down

Question 31

also hetertrophic oganimsm relaes POC true or false

Answer 31

true

e.g. druing excretion

Question 32

how many percent of the twilight zone entering nutrinets exits this zone again?

Answer 32

only 10 %

Question 33

on what does the sinking velocity of particles depend on?

Answer 33

size
density
species (e.g. coccolithophoroes sink fast than phytoplankton species )

large, dense particles sink faster than small, porous

Question 34

what is the average sinking rate?

Answer 34

< 2 m/day

Question 35

where are the highest sink down rates on the planet?

Answer 35

in upwelling zone, due the highest primary productions in the photic zones

Question 36

what effects the the total POC flux?

Answer 36

temp. (–> reminieralization in the shallow are in warmer waters)
season ( biggest primay production during spring (diatom spring bloom (march-mai)
–

Question 37

what happens in phase 3 of the biological carbon pump?

Answer 37

dead particles which are not recycled will sink to the sea floor
–> grazed/reminieralized or sequestered in the sediment

– >sequestered carbon might be there for thousands of years –> carbon dsink